The Tri-Phasic Model
TREATING TRAUMA
Tri-Phasic Model
Herman, 1992
• Safety (Stabilization)
• Remembrance &
Mourning
• Trauma Resolution
• Desensitization &
reprocessing
• Metabolization of
trauma
• Reconnection
• Present & future
What is Safety?
(Gentry & Schmidt, 1997)
I. Resolution of impending environmental (ambient,
interpersonal and intrapersonal) physical danger;
-Removal from “war zone” (e.g., domestic violence, combat, abuse)
-Behavioral interventions to provide maximum safety;
-Address and resolve self-harm.
II. Amelioration of self-destructive thoughts & behaviors
(i.e., suicidal/homicidal ideation/behavior, eating disorders,
persecutory alters/ego-states, addictions, trauma-bonding,
risk-taking behaviors, isolation)
III. Restructuring victim mythology into intentional proactive
survivor identity by development and habituation of lifeaffirming self-care skills (i.e., daily routines, relaxation skills,
grounding/containment skills, assertiveness, secure
provision of basic needs, self-parenting)
What is Necessary?
Six Empirical Markers
From Survivor
1. Resolve (real) Danger
2. Distinguish between real vs. perceived threat
3. Develop battery of regulation/relaxation, grounding, and
containment skills
4. Demonstrate ability to self-regulate
5. Demonstrate ability to self-rescue
6. Contract (verbal) to address traumatic material
From Clinician
Good Therapeutic Relationship
Clinician Non-anxious Presence
Good Prognosis/Positive Expectancy
What is Necessary?
Resolution of impending
environmental physical danger
1.
•
•
•
•
Abusive Environment
Ambient Danger
Violence
Active Self Harm
What is Necessary?
2. Ability to distinguish between
“Am Safe” and “Feel Safe.”
Outside
Danger
Behavioral
Intervention
Resolve Threat
Inside Danger
Self regulation
Anxiety
Reduction
Cognitive
Restructuring
What is Necessary?
3. Development of a battery of
SELF-REGULATION,
relaxation, grounding,
containment and expression
strategies AND the ability to
utilize them for self-rescue from
intrusions
Safety/Stabilization
Interventions (Trauma Practice, 3rd Edition)
Suggested
• 3-2-1 Sensory grounding
• Diaphramatic breathing
• Safe-place visualization
• Thought Field Therapy
(TFT)
• Light Stream
• Icon in envelope
Additional
• Progressive
Relaxation
• Anchoring
• Transitional Object
• Postural grounding
• Internal vault
• Timed/metered
expression
Thought Field Therapy (TFT)
Callahan
• Perturbations in the thought field contain the active
information (see physicist David Bohm***) which
triggers and forms the sequence of activities neurological, chemical, hormonal and cognitive - which
result in the experience of a negative emotion such as
fear, depression, anger, etc.
• In TFT's unique diagnostic procedure the perturbations
are revealed and quickly subsumed.
• The perturbations are of low inertial ladeness (contained
in an energy form as the information on an audio or video
tape has less inertial quality than the tape itself) and this
fact explains the unusual speed of the therapy; the unusual
effectiveness is explained by the fundamental nature of
the perturbations.
SUDs
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SUDs
Thought Field Therapy (TFT)
Callahan
1. Trauma Memory
2. SUDS
3. Algorithm (trauma)
•
•
•
•
Eye brow (5-8 taps)
Under eye (5-8 taps)
Underarm (5-8 taps)
Collarbone (5-8 taps)
4. 9 Gamut
• while continuously tapping
9-Gamut spot...
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eyes open
Eyes closed
eyes open down right
eyes open down left
eyes clockwise
eyes counterclockwise
hum a tune
count to five (aloud)
hum a tune
5. Repeat # 3
Thought Field Therapy (TFT)
Callahan
• Callahan
Techniques®,Ltd.
78-816 Via Carmel
La Quinta, CA 92253
(760) 564-1008
• FOR ORDERS CALL
1(800)359-CURE Dept.
WB
OR FAX Your Order to
(760) 360-5258
E-Mail joanne@tftrx.com
6. SUDS
• If decreased 2+ units then
repeat until SUDS = 0
• If decrease < 2, then:
7. Psychological
Reversal
• tap on heel of hand
• “I accept myself
event though I still
_______” (3x)
What is Necessary?
4. Ability to demonstrate self-regulation.
5. Ability to demonstrate self-rescue.
6. Contract (verbal) with client to address traumatic material
Good Therapeutic Relationship
Non-anxious presence and good prognosis from clinician.
Tri-Phasic Model:
Remembrance & Mourning
Desensitization & Reprocessing