过去完成时
By the time I got outside, the bus
had already left.
Tom run away
the policeman
get to the shop
By the time the policeman got to
the shop, Tom had run away.
Speaking--freely :
By the time… or
the concert be over
When…
Liu Mei wake up
By the time Liu Mei woke up,
the concert had been over.
Li Ming grow up
his grandma
come from America
By the time his grandma came from
America, Li Ming had grown up.
By the end of……
2006
2011
learn 4000 English words
By the end of 2006,
I had learned 4000 new words.
The Past Perfect Tense
过去完成时
1.过去完成时的构成
助动词 had (用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词
When I got to school, the bell had rung.
2. 过去完成时的用法:
主要是表示在过去某个时间,或是动
作之前已经发生或完成的动作.也就
是过去的过去.
The Past Perfect Tense
过去完成时
3. 常用的几种方式:
用介词by, before 等构成的时间短语.
We had learnt 20 English songs by the end
of last month.
用连词when, before, after或者短语by the time
引导的时间状语从句.
The plane had taken off when I reached the
airport.
By the time I got up , my brother had left home.
常用动词的过去式和过去分词
start
started
started
play
work
leave
say
go
be
take
get
played
worked
left
said
went
was/were
took
got
played
worked
left
said
gone
been
taken
gotten
break
speak
drive
see
eat
give
know
grow
broke
spoke
drove
saw
ate
gave
knew
grew
broken
spoken
driven
seen
eaten
given
known
grown
learned
1. We had
___________(learn)
two thousands
words by the time I went to Middle School.
had known (know) him when I was a
2. I ___________
student.
arrived
3. When we _______(arrive)
at the station,
had waited
they __________(wait)
for more than twenty
minutes.
4. One of the men didn’t move, because he
had broken
__________ (break) his legs.
had written
5.By yesterday evening he _______________
that important letter.(write)
had met the man before.(meet)
6.I thought I _______
had worked
7.By six o’clock they ____________
for ten
hours.(work)
8.I went to Nick’s house,but he
had gone
____________
out.(go)
understood
9.I hadn’t
________________
the problem when
class was over. (not understand)
口语练习
1.a.I got up. My brother was in the shower already.
b.By the time I got up,my brother ____________
had gotten in the
shower already.
2.a.I ran outside to the bus stop. The bus was gone.
b. By the time I ran outside to the bus stop, the
bus had already gone.
3.a.I got home. I realized that my homework was still at
school.
b. When I got home,I realized that I had left
my homework at school.
4.a.I woke up. My clock stopped two hours ago.
b. By the time I woke up, my clock had stopped
for two hours.
5.a.I got to the cinema at 8. The film started at
7:30.
b. By the time I got to the cinema, the film had
already started.
6.a.I got to the party.Jim went home an hour ago.
b. When I got to the party, Jim had
already gone home.
一、表现形式
1. 基本形式：had + 过去分词。
2. 否定形式：had + not + 过去分词(had not照样可缩
写hadn't)。
3.一般疑问形式：had提到句首，回答用Yes, 主语 +
had. / No, 主语 + hadn't. 例如：
—Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?他
昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗？
—Yes, he had. / No, he hadn't. 是的，他告诉了。/不，
他没有。
4. 被动语态形式：had + been + 过去分词。
如：
When I got there, the windows had been broken.
二. 用法
1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或
动作之前已经结束或完成. 它表示的动作发生的时间
是“过去的过去”.
I had written the article when they came.
2. 表示一个动作或状态在过去的某一时间之前已经开
始, 一直延续到这一过去时间.
They had worked for 12 hours by 6 o’clock this
morning.
明显标志:
1.句中有by引导的过去时间状语:
By the time we got there, all the other guests had arrived.
2.与过去完成时连用的时间状语有already, yet, still,
never等.
They had already left before I returned.
1. Kate's never seen Chinese films，____ ?
A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she
2.-Ann has gone to Shanghai.
-So ______her parents.
A. has B. had C. did D. have
3. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?
-______you______ your homework yet?
A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing
C. Did; finish D. Have; finished
4.His brother has been to Stone Fores twice______he
came to Yunnan.
A. after B. before C. since D. for
5. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.
A. has lent B. has borrowed
C. has bought D. has had
6. I______a letter from him since he left.
A. didn't receive B. haven't got
C. didn't have D. haven't heard
7. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta
Warriors?
-Yes, I have.
A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to
8. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have
been
9. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket.
A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming
1.When I_____( get) there, the Smiths
already____(have) their dinner.
2.By the end of last year they _____(produce) more
than 500,000 tractors.
3.Tom_____(read) at least 20 novels in the past
year.
4.He_____(work) on a farm for 3years before he
became a shopkeeper.
7.My brother _____ (join) the army in 1989. He
______(be) a soldier for over 3 years.
10.I ______(know) Mr.Li since I_____(come) to study
in this school.
11. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten
years.