The chapter 3 Find energy balance
*Where is the energy?
The food you eat is what provides your body
with the energy it needs for survival.
*The meaning of the “calories”
The measure of how much energy is
contained
in
food,
come
from
the
macronutrients---carbohydrates, protein,
and fats, which are sometimes called
energy-yielding nutrients.
*Three different ways for your body to
uses energy:
1.The most basic use of energy is called the
basal metabolic rate (BMR).
2.Physical activity.
3.For your body to process the food you
consume.
*The various factors that affect the BMR：
Genetic makeup; Disease/health issues;
Physical activity; Age; Sex
*What is the metabolism?
The metabolism refers to the biochemical
process in the body that convert food to
energy.
*The complex digestive system
Mouth—Esophagus—Stomach—Liver—Gallbl
adder—Pancreas—Small
Intestine—Large
Intestine—Rectum
Mouth: release the saliva(liquid produced by
glands in the mouth;helping chewing and
swallowing),break up the food into small
pieces
Esophagus: runs through the throat and
links the mouth to stomach
Stomach:break down the food into smaller
pieces,help to kill bacteria that may be in
the food
Small Intestine:the food is further broken
down into its basic nutrients of fats
proteins and etc, most of the nurtrients are
absorbed by the blood
Large Intestine:mainly waste material is
left,remain
water
and
mineral
are
absorbed,leave
the
body
through
the
return.
*Factors affect the digestion
Stress ; Lack of exercise ; Inadequate
fibre in the diet ; Inadequate intake of
liquids In the diet ; Smoking ;Medications ;
Eating
certain
“trigger”
foods
;
Bacteria/viruses ; Disease.
*How the nutrients absorbed?
Sugar are absorbed directly in the small
intestine ; Glucose travels to the liver ,
where it is stored until needed for energy ;
Digestion of protein begins in the stomach ;
Fats are broken down by file in the small
intestine ; Vitamins and minerals in food can
be absorbed anywhere along the digestive
tract,from mouth to the large intestine.
*Factors that may cause weight gain:
Genetics ; Medications ; Age ; Pregnancy ;
Lack of sleep ; Emotional factors.
*Factors that may cause underweight
Inadequate caloric intake ; Too much
exercise
;
psychological
Overactive
and
physical
thyroid
illness
;
;
stress/anxiety ; genetics that naturally
cause you to metabolize calories faster.