The Columbian Exchange-Period 1
• Define the Columbian Exchange and summarize it’s
major effects on Europe and the Americas.
• Which of the following had the greatest impact on
work or trade in the Americas in the 1500s and 1600s?
1. Sugar
2. Horses
3. Wheat, Rye, and Barley
4. Rice and cotton
• Briefly explain ONE long-term result of that change on
American Indians.
Big Idea Concepts
• Period 1 (1491-1607): On a North American
continent controlled by American Indians, contact
among the peoples of Europe, the Americas, and
West Africa created a new world.
Key Ideas/Events/Dates
• Native American societies before Columbus
– Pueblo, Northwest, Eastern Woodland, and Plains
– Diversity, some hunting and gathering and some
agricultural
• Columbus to the Americas (1492)
– Columbian Exchange and its effects
• Native American Resistance
– Pueblo Revolt (1680)
Four Region Analysis
• Rank the regions from most true to least true for the
following statements:
• Level of diversity in the region
• Level of positive interactions with Native American groups
• Dependence on other regions for economic growth
• Influence of religion in the region on politics
• Most social inequality
• Highest levels of self-government
• Influence of religion on way of life
• Valued education for all members of society
• Was the most equal
Period 2 Big Concepts
• Period 2 (1607-1754): Europeans and American
Indians maneuvered and fought for dominance,
control, and security in North America, and
distinctive colonial and native societies emerged.
Key Ideas/Events/Dates
• General goals of British, French, Dutch, and
Spanish
• Development of slavery in British colonies-where,
when and why
• Demographics of the colonies, including slaves
• Regional differences of the colonies
Big Concepts
• Slave resistance and rebellion
The Colonial Economy
• I can explain the framework of the colonial economy,
including the definitions of mercantilism, salutary
neglect and the Navigation Laws.
• What’s in it for the mother country?
• What’s in it for the colonists?
• What problems might arise between the two groups
based on their different needs and perspectives?
• Based on the map, what observations and inferences
can you make about the colonial economy?
– Use See/Think/Wonder if needed
Long Essay
• 2. Evaluate the extent to which trans-Atlantic
interactions from 1600 to 1763 contributed to
maintaining continuity as well as fostering
change in labor systems in the British North
American colonies.
Continuity
• Demand for labor in the colonies remained high throughout the period.
• The harsh conditions of indentured servitude remained the same
throughout the period.
• English beliefs in the superiority of European peoples was maintained by
colonists throughout the period.
• Systems of coerced labor (English indentured labor, bound labor, African
slave labor, and Native American forced labor) remained the same
throughout the period.
• People were imported for labor throughout the period; both forced
migration and voluntary migration characterized the importation of labor
throughout the period.
• Farming and/or other types of labor focused primarily on cash crops
(tobacco, indigo, rice, and cotton) throughout the period.
• Family-farm labor and subsistence farming characterized the organization
of labor in the colonies throughout the period.
• The Portuguese played a role in the slave trade throughout the period.
Change
• European demands for colonial cash crops and staple
crops rose during the period.
• • Employers sought out new sources of labor during
the period.
• • Employers shifted from using indentured servitude to
African slave labor.
• • Indentured servitude decreased along with the
increase in the use of African slave labor.
• • Race-based labor systems rose in the colonies during
the period.
Change
• The plantation labor system emerged in the colonies during
the period.
• The use of racial stereotyping and racial hierarchies rose
among British colonists during the period.
• European imperial systems shifted from mercantilism to
capitalism during the period.
• The triangular trade/trans-Atlantic slave trade rose during
the period.
• The shift from the Dutch to the English as the primary slave
traders took place during the period.
• British colonists shifted from farming varied cash crops to
farming monoculture cash crops, especially tobacco and
cotton, which impacted labor systems.
French and British
1. What caused the
French and Indian
War?
2. What was the
outcome of the
French and Indian
War?
3. How did the French
and Indian War
contribute to
tensions between
the British and the
American colonists?