CHEMICAL BONDS –
Covalent
Chapter 6
6.2 BONDING – journal

Take out your Bonding Basics Worksheet
and Homework.

On the worksheet, draw a Lewis Dot Structure
for each of the elements named for each
example.
6.2 BONDING – journal 2





Show all of the steps needed to bond Sodium
and Bromine.
Show all of the steps needed to bond
Magnesium and Fluorine.
What is the full definition of an ionic bond?
Why do elements bond?
Answer the question for Figure 10 on page
166 of your book.
6.2 BONDING

Chemical PROPERTIES depend on the
number of valence electrons.
6.2 BONDING

Therefore, chemical bonding and
reactivity depend on an element’s
electron configuration.
6.2 BONDING

STABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION:

Which group does this describe?
6.2 BONDING

What do elements with UNSTABLE
ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS do?
6.2 BONDING


They BOND
COVALENT BONDING
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING

Both Hydrogens are now STABLE in their
highest energy levels
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING

What type of element is Hydrogen?
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS

What element is this?
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS

How many electrons are
shared in each picture?
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS
Two = A PAIR
 This is called a SINGLE
COVALENT BOND

6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS

Each atom shares AN EQUAL number
of electrons to fill its outer shell
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS
This is how you DRAW a
SINGLE COVALENT BOND

6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS

A single line means each atom shared
one electron each to get full.
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS
How would you show the bond between Carbon and
Hydrogen?
 BREAK FOR THE BONDING BASICS SHEET

6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS

How would you show the bond between Carbon and
Hydrogen?
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS

How would you DRAW the bond between Carbon and
Hydrogen?
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS
 What
kind of bond would 2 oxygen atoms form?
 COVALENT
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS
 How
 TWO
many electrons does each atom need?
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS
 How
many TOTAL electrons are shared?
 FOUR
6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through electron
SHARING between NONMETALS

 How
would you draw this?
This is a DOUBLE COVALENT BOND. 2 pairs shared
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS
 What
kind of bond would 2 nitrogen atoms form?
 COVALENT
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS
 How
many electrons does each atom need?
 Three
6.2 BONDING

COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through
electron SHARING between NONMETALS
 How
many total electrons are shared?
 Six (three pairs)
6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through electron
SHARING between NONMETALS

 How
would you draw this?
 This is a TRIPLE COVALENT BOND 3 pairs shared
6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through electron
SHARING between NONMETALS

 Sometimes
electrons are NOT SHARED EQUALLY
6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through electron
SHARING between NONMETALS

 This
is called a POLAR COVALENT MOLECULE
6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through electron
SHARING between NONMETALS

 The
molecule has a negative side and positive side
6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through electron
SHARING between NONMETALS

 The
molecule has a negative side and positive side
6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through electron
SHARING between NONMETALS

 Whenever
electrons are SHARED, the thing that is
formed is called a MOLECULE.
6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a
stable electron configuration through electron
SHARING between NONMETALS

 How
do you write the Chemical Formula for a
MOLECULE?
6.2 BONDING
How do you write the Chemical Formula for a
MOLECULE?
 H2
 O2
 CH4
 F2
 N2
BONDING
HOW DO YOU NAME A MOLECULE?
H2O
Dihydrogen
oxide
CO2
Carbon
dioxide
CaCO3
Calcium
carbonate
HCl
Hydrogen
Chloride
HNO3
Hydrogen
nitrate
Building Covalent Molecules
Number of
shared
electrons
Name of bond
Shown in a
Shown in a
structural
model by
formula by
how many of
what symbol?
what item?
2
SINGLE
-----
ONE STICK
4
DOUBLE
===
TWO SPRINGS
6
TRIPLE
===
THREE
SPRINGS
Building Covalent Molecules
Number of covalent
bonds needed to get a full
outer shell = number of
holes
Element
Color
C
H
O
S
N
BLACK
4
YELLOW
1
2
2
3
RED
SILVER
BLUE
Lewis Dot
Building Covalent Molecules

Suppose you need to make three covalent bonds to get a
full outer shell. What are three ways of covalent bonding
involving combinations of single, double, and triple bonds
that you could use?
Building Covalent Molecules

When you build a good model what happens to
the holes in the atomic models?

THEY ARE FULL
Molecule’s name
water
oxygen
nitrogen
methane
propane
butane
rotten egg gas
ammonia
carbon dioxide
What is used for or where is it
found?
F: Atmosphere Crust Living Things
Uses: Respiration Photosynthesis
Chemical Formula
H2 O
Atmosphere Crust Living things
Uses: Rocket Boosters And Fuel
respiration photosynthesis Cryo-Storage
O2
Atmosphere Living Organisms
Plant food gunpowder rocket fuel
ammonia
N2
Earths Crust deep in the ocean
Heating cooking Car fuel
CH4
Earths Crust
Fuel power grills
C3H8
Fossil Fuel
Cooking fuel lighters aerosol spray
C4H10
Product of decaying
Uses: Law enforcement , Small
amounts used in certain novelty
items
Sea water salt marshes
Uses: Fertilizer cleaner explosives
chemical warfare (mustard gas)
Atmosphere
Uses: Photosynthesis Propellant
Paintball Airsoft
H2S
NH3
CO2
Structural formula