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NAME:
GCSE PE
TOPIC 1.2.5
 The Make-up of the Skeletal System
 How the Skeletal System Works
 How the Skeletal System is affected by
Exercise
 Injuries that Effect the Skeletal System
TARGET GRADE:
CURRENT GRADE:
2
BOOKLET OBJECTIVES
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Develop knowledge and understanding of the functions
of the skeletal system.
Understand the difference types of joints within the
body.
Understand the difference classifications of bones
within the body.
Understand how bones can help athletes.
Understand the components of joints.
Understand how bones and joints are affected by
exercise.
Understand injuries that can affect the skeletal system.
Lesson 1
3
Function of the Skeletal System?
The skeletal system has five main functions which are:
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Lesson 1
4
Classifications of Bones
There are four different types of bone within the human body. They are:
LONG BONES
SHORT BONES
FLAT BONES
IRREGULAR BONES
Lesson 1
5
Lesson 1
6
HOW BONES HELP AN ATHLETE
Long Bones
Explain which long bones would help the athletes pictured below and WHY?
Short Bones
Explain which short bones would help the athletes pictured below and WHY?
Lesson 1
7
Irregular Bones
Explain which irregular bones would help the athletes pictured below and WHY?
Flat Bones
Explain which flat bones would help the athletes pictured below and WHY?
Lesson 1
8
HOMEWORK
Name THREE types of bones that are used in the sports below and
explaining why they are important?
Badminton
Basketball
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 2
9
STARTER
Name the bones asked for in the pictures below and explain why they are important in that
sport?
Lesson 2
10
Classifications of Joints
There are three different classifications of joints within the human body. They
are:
FIXED JOINTS:
SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE JOINTS:
FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS:
There are 6 types of synovial joints within the human body which are:
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Lesson 2
11
The THREE Main Synovial Joints
1)
2)
3)
Label the diagram below with the joints looked at above:
Lesson 2
12
RELATING JOINTS TO SPORT
Explain how all three joints looked at this lesson are used in the sports listed
below:
FOOTBALL
TENNIS
SWIMMING
Lesson 2
13
PAST EXAM QUESTIONS
1) The skeletal system has a very important role to play in allowing us to lead a healthy,
active lifestyle. Give two examples to demonstrate how the role of the skeleton helps
us to be active.
a)
___________________________________________________________________
________
___________________________________________________________________
________
___________________________________________________________________
________
b)
___________________________________________________________________
________
___________________________________________________________________
________
___________________________________________________________________
________
(2 Marks)
(2011 Edexcel Exam)
2) Complete the following statements about hinge joints.
(a) The range of movement possible at a hinge joint is
(1)
.............................................................. to ..............................................................
(b) (i) The .............................................................. is an example of a hinge joint in the body.
(1)
(ii) Give a specific sporting action where this range of movement is used at this
joint.
(1)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(Total for Question 14 = 3 marks)
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Lesson 2
(2013 Edexcel Exam)
3) The skeletal system plays an important role in allowing for a healthy,
active lifestyle. The picture on the right shows the skeletal system of two
basketball players.
In the table below:
 identify three functions of the skeletal system in use during physical
activity(3)
 give one example of how each function is used during a game of
basketball.(3)
Function of the Skeletal System During Physical
Activity
Example of Use During a Basketball Game
(2012 Edexcel Exam)
4) Name the type of synovial joint found at the neck and the hip and state the range of
movement possible at these joints.
(a) (i) Type of joint at the atlas and axis.
...............................................................................................................................(1)
(ii) Range of movement at the atlas and axis
.............................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) (i) Type of joint at the hip.
...............................................................................................................................(1)
(ii) TWO additional movements possible at the hip not possible at the neck?
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Lesson 3
..........................................................................................................................................(2)
(2010 Edexcel Exam)
(Total 5 marks)
STARTER
Name the three types of joints looked at last lesson and give two
examples of when they are used in sport:
JOINT 1:
Sporting Example 1:
Sporting Example 2:
JOINT 2:
Sporting Example 1:
Sporting Example 2:
JOINT 3:
Sporting Example 1:
Sporting Example 2:
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Lesson 3
The Structure of a Synovial Joint
1) Cartilage:
2) Synovial Fluid:
3) Synovial Membrane:
4)Ligaments:
4
3
2
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Lesson 3
The Importance of Cartilage in Sport
The Importance of Ligaments in Sport
Movement Possible at Joints
Extension:
Flexion:
Adduction:
Abduction:
Plantar Flexion:
Dorsi Flexion:
1
18
Lesson 3
Rotation:
Explaining Sporting Actions
Name what movement is occuring in the pictures below at specific joints:
1)
Ankle:
Knee:
Elbow:
2)
Ankle:
Elbow:
Shoulder:
3)
Shoulder:
Elbow:
4)
Left Ankle:
Left Hip:
Right Hip:
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Lesson 3
Extended Writing Question
Explain what movements occur in the elbows and shoulders during
the following swimming strokes:
Front Crawl:
Breast Stroke:
Butterfly:
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Lesson 4
Effects of Exercise on the Skeletal System
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Immediate and Short Term Effects:
Why would cycling and swimming not affect this?
Effects of Regular Exercise and Long Term Participation:
Density:
Flexibility:
Tendons and Ligaments:
Cartilage:
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Lesson 4
Injuries Associated with the Skeletal System
FRACTURES
SIMPLE:
COMPOUND:
GREENSTICK:
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Lesson 4
STRESS FRACTURE:
DISLOCATION:
TORN CARTILAGE:
How does our DIET Effect the Skeletal System?
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Lesson 4
RELATING INJURIES TO SPORT
Under the headings below give two examples of sports where you
would associate the type of injury and give a reason for your answer:
SIMPLE FRACTURES:
DISLOCATION:
TORN CARTILAGE:
STRAIN:
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ENRICHMENT WORK
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ENRICHMENT WORK