MYP5 – 21-03-2013
NAME:
Test Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
This test consists of 22 questions. Multiple choice questions and essay questions are randomly
arranged. Write all your answers on this test paper and use a pen (do not use pencil). Circle the
correct answer when answering the multiple choice questions!
N.B. Unless stated differently, organisms are normal and healthy.
Duration of the test: 45 minutes
Good luck!!
____________________________________________________________________________
Cells and cell structures
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows a cross section of one cell. Different structures in this cell have been labeled
with a number.
1.
a. List the numbers and write the name of the structure behind it.
1 = cell wall
5 = cytoplasm
2 = cell membrane (plasma membrane) 6 = nucleus
3 = chloroplast
7 = ribosome (or rough endoplasmatic reticulum)
4 = vacuole
b. By looking at the structures one can conclude whether the cell in figure 1 is a plant or
animal cell. Which numbers point to structures which tell you whether it is a plant or an
animal cell? 1, 3 and 4
2.
Chrystel studies three human cells: a muscle cell, a skin cell and a cell of a saliva gland.
Which of these cells contains the most mitochondria? Explain.
Needs a lot of ATP (energy) to perform muscle contractions (physical work). ATP is
formed in mitochondria.
MYP5 – 21-03-2013
NAME:
The following information can be used for questions 3 and 4.
Figure 2 (right of this text) shows a schematic drawing of an
epithelial cell of the small intestine of a human being. The
drawing was based on an electron microscopic picture.
3.
What is the function of organelle 1?
A
B
C
D
4.
protein synthesis
transporting substances
digesting nutrients
producing energy
What is the name of organelle 2?
Golgi apparatus_______________________________
5.
Describe two common characteristics of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Consider both
function and membrane structure.
Both organelles are involved in energy transformation, mitochondria in cellular
respiration and chloroplasts in photosynthesis. They both have multiple membranes that
separate their interiors into compartments. In both organelles, the innermost
membranes—cristae, or infoldings of the inner membrane, in mitochondria, and the
thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts—have large surface areas with embedded
enzymes that carry out their main functions.
6.
Do plant cells have mitochondria? Explain.
Yes. Plant cells are able to make their own sugar by photosynthesis, but mitochondria in
these cells are the organelles that are able to generate energy from sugars, a function
required in all cells.
Photosynthesis
7.
Figure 3 shows an overview of the process photosynthesis. There are 5 boxes left open.
Complete the figure 3 by filling in the 5 missing terms.
H2O, CO2, NADP+, ATP, Calvin Cycle
MYP5 – 21-03-2013
NAME:
Figure 3.
8.
The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with
A
B
C
D
E
9.
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during
photosynthesis?
A
B
C
D
10.
light energy
CO2 and ATP
H2O and NADPH
ATP and NADPH
sugar and O2
NADPH → O2 → CO2
H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle
NADPH → chlorophyll → Calvin cycle
NADPH → electron transport chain → O2
Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and
heterotrophs?
A
B
Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment.
Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs.
MYP5 – 21-03-2013
NAME:
C
D
E
11.
Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?
A
B
C
D
12.
Only heterotrophs have mitochondria.
Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2
and other nutrients that are inorganic.
Only heterotrophs require oxygen.
carbon fixation
oxidation of NADPH
release of oxygen
consumption of ATP
In the light reactions, what is the initial electron donor? Where do the electrons finally
end up?
Water (H2O) is the initial electron donor; NADP+ accepts electrons at the end of the
electron transport chain, becoming reduced to NADPH.
13.
Explain why the large numbers of ATP and NADPH molecules used during the Calvin
cycle are consistent with the high value of glucose as an energy source. (Include the
words ‘potential energy’ and ‘chemical energy’ in your answer)
The more potential energy a molecule stores, the more energy and reducing power is
required for the formation of that molecule. Glucose is a valuable chemical energy
source because it stores lots of potential energy in its electrons. To reduce CO2 to
glucose, much energy and reducing power are required in the form of large numbers of
ATP and NADPH molecules, respectively.
14.
Explain why a poison that inhibits a function of the Calvin cycle will also inhibit the light
reactions.
The light reactions require ADP and NADP+, which would not be formed in sufficient
quantities from ATP and NADPH if the Calvin cycle stopped.
Cellular respiration
15.
Figure 4 shows an overview of cellular respiration. There are 7 boxes left open.
Complete the figure 4 by filling in the 7 missing terms.
NADH (3x), FADH2, Glycolysis,Citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle), Oxidative
phosphorylation (or electron transport chain)
MYP5 – 21-03-2013
NAME:
Figure 4.
16.
Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to
cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the
A
B
C
D
mitochondria
ribosomes
chloroplasts
endoplasmic reticulum
MYP5 – 21-03-2013
NAME:
17.
Complete the following table using these words: combustion, no oxygen, incomplete,
little energy (2x), oxygen, a lot of energy (2x), fermentation, complete.
1. This process is also called:
2. This process needs:
3. The breakdown of glucose is:
4. This process delivers:
5. The end products contain:
Aerobic dissimilation of
glucose
combustion
oxygen
complete
a lot of energy
little energy
Anaerobic dissimilation of
glucose
fermentation
no oxygen
incomplete
little energy
a lot of energy
18.
Name the molecules that accept most of the energy from the citric acid cycle’s reactions.
To which process will they transport this energy and how will this energy be transferred
so that it can be used to make ATP?
NADH and FADH2; they will donate electrons to the electron transport chain.
19.
Consider the NADH formed during glycolysis. What is the final acceptor for its electrons
during alcohol fermentation and during lactic acid fermentation? What is the final
acceptor for its electrons during aerobic respiration?
A derivative of pyruvate, such as acetaldehyde during alcohol fermentation,
or pyruvate itself during lactic acid fermentation; oxygen during aerobic respiration
20.
A glucose-fed yeast cell is moved from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one.
How would its rate of glucose consumption change if ATP were to be generated at the
same rate?
The cell would need to consume glucose at a much higher rate than the consumption
rate in the aerobic environment (2 ATP are generated by fermentation versus up to 32
ATP by cellular respiration).
21.
Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a
glucose molecule?
A
B
C
D
E
22.
the citric acid cycle
the electron transport chain
glycolysis
synthesis of acetyl CoA from pyruvate
reduction of pyruvate to lactate
Most CO2 from catabolism (breaking down molecules into smaller units and release
energy) is released during
A
B
C
D
E
glycolysis
pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle
lactate fermentation
electron transport
oxidative phosphorylation