Taxonomy
How do we
classify?
Why Classify?
Study unity & diversity in an
organized manner
 Understand relationships
between organisms

How do we
classify?
 Grouped
by similar structures,
embryonic development, or
genetics
 Suggests that related organisms
shared a common ancestor
 System most often used (but
often disputed) – 5 Kingdoms
How do we
classify?
– Monera, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
 Full classification system (most
general to most specific):
 Kingdoms
How do we
classify?
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species
As we move
down the
system, we
are more
specific in our
classification
How do we
classify?
 Way
to remember:
 Kings
Play Chess On Fridays,
Generally Speaking
 Kelly
Phillips Came Over For Girl
Scouts
How do we
classify?
Kingdoms based on following:
 Presence or absence of nuclear
membrane
 Unicellular or multicellular
 Type of nutrition
 Members
of each kingdom share
major characteristics
How Do We Name
Organisms?
Binomial Nomenclature
I love to
 Two-name system
classify
 Designed by
organisms
Carolus Linneaus
How Do We Name
Organisms?
part of name – Genus – it is
Capitalized
 Second part – species –
lowercase
– Species: group of organisms
that are similar in structure;
can mate & produce FERTILE
 First
Same species?
•End result of mating = mule
•Mule is sterile
•Therefore, no FERTILE offspring
can be produces, so not the same
Same species?
•Since normally these offspring are
fertile, the parents are the same species
How Do We Name
Organisms?
 Humans
: Homo sapiens or
Homo sapiens
 Name must be underlined or
italicized
 Housecat: Felis domestica
 Minnow: Cyprinodon variegatus
Full Classification Human
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Mammalia
Order Primates
Family Hominidae
Genus Homo
Species sapiens
The Five
Kingdoms
Let’s go
through them
all!
KINGDOM
MONERA
 Primitive
cell structure
 Lack of membranes & organelles
KINGDOM
MONERA
Examples:
 Bacteria
 Blue-Green
Algae
KINGDOM
PROTISTA
 Predominantly
unicelluar
 Plant-like OR animal-like
KINGDOM
PROTISTA
Protozoa: Animal-like nutrition
 Ameba
 Paramecium
KINGDOM
PROTISTA
Algae: Plant-like nutrition
 Algae
 Euglena
KINGDOM FUNGI
 Cells
are branched fibers with
many nuclei
 Food absorbed from
environment
 Non-photosynthetic, but have
cell wall
KINGDOM FUNGI
 Yeast
KINGDOM FUNGI
Bread Mold
KINGDOM FUNGI
 Mushrooms
KINGDOM
PLANTAE
 Multicellular
 Photosynthetic
Let’s look at two different phylum –
more specific
Kingdom Plantae –
Phylum Bryophyta
 No
vascular tissue (no true roots,
leaves, stems)
 Moss
Phylum
Tracheophyta
vascular tissue – true
roots, leaves, & stems
 Fern, pine tree, maple tree,
beans, corn
 Have
Kingdom Animalia
 Multicellular
 Heterotrophic
K. Animalia –
Phylum Porifera
 Sponges?
K. Animalia –
Phylum Porifera
 Oh…sponges!
 Body
full of pores
Phylum
Coelenterata
 Two
cell layers, hollow body cavity,
one opening
 Hydra, Jellyfish, Sea anemone
K. Animalia – P.
Platyhelminthes
 Bilateral
symmetry, no real body
cavity
 Flatworms (Planaria), tapeworms
K. Animalia –
P. Platyhelminthes
 Liver
fluke - parasite
K. Animalia – P.
Platyhelminthes
 Tapeworm
K. Animalia –
Phylum Nematoda
 Unsegmented
worms
 Bilateral symmetry
 Roundworms
K. Animalia –
Phylum Annelida
 Segemented
body walls
 Bilateral symmetry
 Earthworm
K. Animalia –
Phylum Mollusca
 Have
a muscular foot
 Snails, Scallops, Squid, Clams,
Slugs
K. Animalia –
Phylum Arthropoda
 Jointed
appendages,
exoskeleton
 Phylum is 90% of entire animal
species
 Grasshopper, Lobster, Spider,
Insects
K. Animalia – P.
Echinodermata
 Radial
symmetry, spiny covering
 Starfish, Sea stars, Sea urchins,
Sea cucumbers
K. Animalia –
Phylum Chordata
 Dorsal
nerve cord with
supporting rod of cartilage
(notochord)
 In development, have
tail and gill slits
 Shark, Frog , Human