THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE 6 KINGDOMS OF LIFE
Alive?
• To be considered living, an organism must…
– Contain all 7 characteristics of life
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DNA
Reproduce
Use energy
Adapt
Respond to Stimuli
Made of cells
Grow and Develop
Leopard Gecko
Leaf Tailed Gecko
Kingdom
Anamalia
Anamalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Reptilia
Reptilia
Squamata
Squamata
Family
Gekkonidae
Gekkonidae
Genus
Eublepharis
Uroplatus
Species
Macularius
Phantaticus
Class
Order
WHY CLASSIFY?
To know how many known species there are in the world
To know the characteristics of each species
To know the relationships between species
7 Kingdom = Largest Group
6 Phylum
5 Class
4 Order
3 Family
2 Genus
1 Species
Animal Kingdom
* Food – Cannot make their own food.
* Multi-cellular organisms
* They have a nucleus (eukaryotic)
* Can move on their own.
Reproduction – Asexual and sexual
Examples – Humans, crustaceans, spiders,
insects, fish, birds, mammals, sponges,
hydras, coral, worms, etc.
Examples of Animals
Sea horse
Sea anemone
hydra
butterfly
Poison
Dart
frog
Great
White
Shark
human
Plant Kingdom
* Food – make their own food by photosynthesis.
*Multi-cellular
* They have a nucleus (eukaryotic)
* Cannot move on their own.
Reproduction – Sexually and asexually
Examples – rose, cactus, grass, daisy, ferns,
trees
Examples of Plant Kingdom
Kingdom Fungi
* Food – do not make their own food.
Decomposers
* Unicellular and multicellular.
* Have a nucleus (eukaryotic)
* Cannot move
Reproduction – Sexual and Asexual
Examples – yeast, mushrooms, mold,
mildew, athletes foot, ringworm
Examples of Fungi
Athletes Foot
Bread mold
mushroom
Foot Fungus
yeast
ringworm
Bread mold
magnified
Kingdom Protists
* Food – Some make their own food
(plantlike); others cannot (animal-like).
* Unicellular and Multi-cellular
* They have a nucleus (eukaryotic)
* Some can move on their own.
Reproduction – Asexual & Sexual
Examples – Euglena, paramecium, amoeba,
slime mold, volvox, algae,diatoms, giant kelp
Examples of Protists
Paramecium
Algae
Amoeba
Volvox
Euglena Fission
Stentor
Red algae
KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
*Food – Some can make their own food:
other cannot.
* Unicellular organisms.
* No Nucleus (prokaryotic)
* Some move and other do not.
Reproduction – asexual
Roles: decomposers, food makers, help
digest food, clean oil spills, makes nitrogen
rich soil(helps plants grow), etc.
Examples of Eubacteria
Anthrax
Bacteria help digest
food
Strep
E. Coli
Binary Fission
Blue green algae
Kingdom Archaebacteria
This hot, sulfur-rich, acidic pool in Yellowstone
National Park is home to species of Archea,
including Sulfolobus.
Some archaens live 1000’s of miles deep
in the ocean near superheated volcanic
vents.
KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
* Food- Some cannot make their own food;
others do.
* Unicellular organisms
* No Nucleus (prokaryotic)
* Some can move and other
cannot
Reproduction – asexual
Three main types – salt loving, heat
loving, and methane makers, harsh
environments
Let’s Practice
Which kingdom does each
organism belong?
Eubacteria
Animal
Protists
protists
plant
Fungus
Animal
animal
Fungus
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
BELLRINGERS
1. Define: living, dead, nonliving.
2. Give examples of living, nonliving and dead objects.
3. Describe how you would know if an object is living or
nonliving?
4. Define: multicellular, unicellular, autotroph, heterotroph
5. Define: prokaryotic cell, eukaryotic cell
6. Define: taxonomy, classification, kingdom, organism
Bellringer: Define:
classification, taxonomy
List 3 ways humans use
classification every day.
Classification of living things
THE SCIENCE OF CLASSIFICATION
Humans naturally like to put objects into
groups in order to make sense out of the
world around us.
For example, at home you organize your
socks from your pants, your forks from
your cups.
Classification Taxonomy -
Grouping objects according
to their similar
characteristics.
The science of classifying living things.
WHY CLASSIFY?
To know how many known species there are in the world
To know the characteristics of each species
To know the relationships between species
SCIENTISTS BEHIND TAXONOMY
Aristotle was the
first person to come up
with a classification
system for living
things. He divided
animals into three
groups: those that
walked, those that
swam and those that
flew. Why was this
not the best
classification system
for animals?
NOT SO FAST ARISTOTLE!!!
In the 1700’s, Carolus
Linnaeus disagreed with
Aristotle’s classification
system. He invented the
modern classification system we
use today. It is called
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE.
Today, scientists group
organisms not only by their
physical characteristics BUT
by their evolutionary
relationships (ancient
ancestors).
LINNAEUS’ SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION
Binomial Nomenclature – A naming system that gives
every living thing a TWO word name. This unique two
word name is called the SCIENTIFIC NAME.
Uses LATIN the language of scientists.
Scientific names are always written in
italics if typed or underlined if
handwritten
The first word is the GENUS and is always
CAPITALIZED.
The second word is the SPECIES and is always
LOWER CASE.
7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species
**A scientific name is
the genus and species.
Katie
Put
Cream
On
Fresh
Green
Strawberries
WHY TWO NAMES FOR EVERYTHING?
 Because people speak in more than one
Because people give objects more than
for example:
language
one name.
What is the name of this cat?
Mountain lion
All are correct but its
ONE scientific name
puma
cougar is Felis concolor
American
Lion
LET’S PRACTICE
Which scientific names are written correctly?
HOMO SAPIEN
Tyrannosaurus rex
panthera leo
Canis Lupus
Felis
domesticus
elephas Maximus
LOOKING FOR RELATIONSHIPS
Remember that one of the goals of
classification is to find out how certain living
things may be related to one another.
What makes a living thing part of the
Animal Kingdom?
Cannot
Eukaryotic
Multicellular Locomotion make its
own food
ARE ALL OF THESE ANIMALS?
7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species
**A scientific name is
the genus and species.
Katie
Put
Cream
On
Fresh
Green
Strawberries
KINDOM
ANIMAL
PHYLUM
CHORDATA
CLASS
MAMMALIA
ORDER
CARNIVORA
FAMILY
FELIDAE
GENUS
Panthera
SPECIES
leo
Phylogeny – the evolutionary history of an organism
PHYLOGENY OF MAN
Kingdom -
Animalia
Phylum -
Chordata (having a spinal cord)
Class -
Mammalia (have hair, give milk)
Order -
Primates (walk mostly on 2 legs)
Family -
Homindae (advanced brain that can
think and reason)
Genus -
Homo
Species -
sapien
PHYLOGENY OF THE WOLF
Kingdom -
Animalia
Phylum -
Chordata
Class -
Mammalia
Order -
Carnivora
Family -
Canidae
Genus -
Canis
Species -
lupus