Architectural History
Architectural History:
Romanesque Architecture
1
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
Objectives




Outline the background affecting the period.
Isolate elements associated with
Romanesque architecture.
Identify famous Romanesque buildings.
Recognize key terms from Romanesque
architecture.
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
2
Background

Dark century in Europe




Political chaos
Cultural decline
Violence and terror
Political climate gradually stabilized




Rising economic conditions
Social and political order
Military strength
Renewal of cities
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
3
Background

New prosperity




Cultural revival
New spirit of religious enthusiasm
Seemed as if the whole earth where putting on a
mantle of white churches (Monk Raoul Glaber)
Plurality of kingdoms emerged



France
England
Burgandy
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
4
Early Romanesque - Germany

Architectural Features

Antithetical tendencies





Inventive vs. conservative
Progressive vs. nostalgic
Dome
Lighting and Decoration
Architectural Examples



Minsert Cathedral
Church of St. Gertrude
St. Michael’s
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
5
Minsert Cathedral
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
6
Church of St. Gertrude, Nivelles
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
7
St. Michael’s at Hildesheim
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
8
Early Vaulted Romanesque Burgundy

Architectural Features


Stone Vaulting
Architectural Examples

Abbey Church of Cluny
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
9
Abbey Church of Cluny
© 2003 Regents of the University of Minnesota
http://arthist.cla.umn.edu/
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
10
High Romanesque - France

Architectural Features



Synthesis of northern and southern early
Romanesque
Square schematism
Architectural Examples



St. Etienne
St. Serin
St. Pierre
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
11
Saint Etienne, Nevers
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
12
Saint Serin, Tolouse
© 2003 Regents of the University of Minnesota
http://arthist.cla.umn.edu/
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
13
Third Abbey Church, St Pierre at Cluny
© http://architecture.relig.free.fr/accueil.htm
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
14
Regional Romanesque – S. Italy

Architectural Features





Exotic
Derived from Byzantine
Entangled with northern European traditions
Fusion between Italian and Norman basilicas
Architectural Examples


Norman Cathedrals of Cefalu
Norman Cathedrals of Monreale
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
15
Norman Cathedrals of Cefalu
© Mediterranean Studies Association
(http://www.mediterraneanstudies.org/)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
16
Norman Cathedrals of Monreale
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
17
Regional Romanesque – N. Italy

Architectural Features



Varied and complex
Rib faults
Architectural Examples



St. Maria Maggiore
St. Ambrogio
Church of St. Michele
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
18
Saint Maria Maggiore, Lomello
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
19
Saint Ambrogio, Milan
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
20
Church of Saint Michele, Pavia
GNU Project
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
21
Regional Romanesque – Tuscany

Architectural Features




Polished, elegant marble structures
Florentine
Pisan
Architectural Examples



Baptistery of St. Giovanni
Church of St. Miniato
Pisa Cathedral
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
22
Baptistery of Saint Giovanni
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
23
Church of Saint Miniato al Monte
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
24
Pisa Cathedral
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
25
High and Late Romanesque

Related Regions



Germany
Normandy and England
Architectural Examples





Speyer Cathedral
St. Entienne
Durham Cathedral
Ely Cathedral
Gloucester Cathedral
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
26
Speyer Cathedral
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
27
Saint Entienne, Caen
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
28
Durham Cathedral
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
29
Ely Cathedral
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
30
Gloucester Cathedral
© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
31
Vocabulary Review







Calotte
Cell
Chancel
Chevet
Cloister vault
Crocket
Crossing







Dwarf gallery 
Fuller

Gallery

Groin
Lancet window 

Oculus

Pinnacle
Responds
Saucer dome
Skeleton
construction
String course
Tracery
Tribune
Architectural History: Romanesque Period
UNT in Partnership with TEA. Copyright ©. All Rights Reserved.
32