Which psychological disorder?
If depression is the common cold of
psychological disorders, chronic ___ is
the cancer.
 Nearly 1 in 100 people will develop ___,
joining the estimated 24 million across the
world who suffer one of humanity’s
most dreaded disorder (WHO).

August Natterer (German artists)’s Witch’s Head
Louis Wain
•Conventional, naturalistic
•Vibrant, erratic
Schizophrenia
APA: n. a psychological disorder characterized by
disturbances in thinking(cognition), emotional
responsiveness, and behavior.
DSIM-IV-TR: a disorder that lasts for at least 6 months
and includes at least 1 month of active-phase symptoms
(two [or more] of the following: delusions,
hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly
disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms)
Diagnostic Criteria
A. Characteristic Symptoms:
Positive
Symptoms
two (or more) of the following, each present for a
significant portion of time during a 1-month period
(or less if successfully treated):
(1) delusions
(2) hallucinations
(3) disorganized speech
(4) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
(5) negative symptoms

1.
Positive Symptoms
Delusions


2.
Hallucinations


3.
4.
5.
Erroneous beliefs that involve a misinterpretation of perceptions/experiences
Themes: persecutory, referential…
Distortions in perception (auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile)
Not consider normal / religious experiences in certain cultural contexts
Disorganized Thinking ★★★★★
 Distortions in thought and language processes
 Derailment/tangentiality/incoherence
Grossly disorganized behavior
 Distortions in self-monitoring of behavior
Catatonic motor behaviors
 A decrease in reactivity to the environment

1.
Negative Symptoms
Affective flattening
 Restrictions in the range / intensity of emotional expression
 Facial expression, eye contact, body language
2.
Alogia
 Restrictions in the fluency / productivity of thought and speech
 Brief replies, unwillingness to speak
3.
Avolition
 Restrictions in the initiation of goal-directed behavior
 Little interest in participating in work /social activities
B. Social/occupational
dysfunction:


one or more major areas of 
functioning (work,
interpersonal relations, or
self-care) are markedly
below the level achieved
prior to the onset
Education, work, marriage,
social contacts
C. Duration:
Continuous signs of the
disturbance persist for at
least 6 months. Must
include at least 1 month of
symptoms.
D. Schizoaffective and mood disorder exclusion:
b/c either (1) no Major Depressive, Manic, or Mixed Episodes
have occurred concurrently with the active-phase symptoms, or
(2) if mood episodes have occurred during active-phase
symptoms, their total duration has been brief relative to the
duration of the active-phase symptoms.
E. Substance/general medical condition exclusion:
the disturbance is NOT b/c direct physiological effects of a
substance or a general medical condition.
F. Relationship to a pervasive developmental
disorder:
if there is a history of Autistic Disorder or another Pervasive
Developmental Disorder, the additional diagnosis of
Schizophrenia is only if prominent delusions or hallucinations
are also present for at least 1 month (or less if successfully
treated).
Subtypes
1.
Paranoid
 A preoccupation w/ delusions or hallucinations
 Unless the Catatonic or Disorganized Type is present
2.
Disorganized
 Disorganized speech, disorganized behavior (NO Catatonic
Type present)
3.
Catatonic
 Motoric immobility, excessive motor activity/negativism,
peculiarities of voluntary movement
4.
Undifferentiated
 Criterion A + No Paranoid/Disorganized/Cataonic Type
5.
Residual
 Continuing evidence of the disturbance, but the criteria for the
active-phase symptoms are no longer met.
The Etiology – WHY?

1.
2.
3.

1.
2.
3.

1.
Brain Abnormalities
Dopamine overactivity
Abnormal brain activity: frontal lobe, thalamus, amygdala
Materal virus during midpregancy
Genetic Factors
Identical twins / adoption studies
Specific genes: dopamine, neurotransmitters, myelin
Nutritional /oxygen deprivation at brith
Psychological Factors
Social support, family problem-solving
“refrigerator mothers”
Age, Culture, Gender
General: adults 0.5%~1.5%, urban-born
 Age: late teens~the mid 30s
 Culture

Cultural differences (hallucinations, disorganized speech)
Overdiagnose certain ethnic groups

Gender
 Male: higher incidence
 Median age of 1st episode: mid 20s(M), late 20s (F)
Possible Preventions?




Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Needs-based supportive therapy
Supportive society, family, school
Healthy life (exercise)



Conservatorship
Formal diagnosis at UCLA Medical Center
Was hospitalized for psychiatric evaluation after setting fire
in Californian neighborhood
MCQ
1. A false belief that a person believes that he
is being watched or tormented by others is
known as a:
① Delusion of reference
② Persecutory delusion
③ Religious delusion
④ Somatic delusion
⑤ Grandiose delusion
MCQ
2. The most common type of hallucination is:
① Olfactory
② Visual
③ Auditory
④ Tactile
⑤ Somatic
MCQ
3. Which of the following is NOT a positive
symptom of schizophrenia?
① Delusions
② Hallucinations
③ Disorganized speech
④ Alogia
⑤ Catatonic motor speech
MCQ
4. Which of the following is NOT a subtype
of schizophrenia?
① Undifferentiated
② Active
③ Residual
④ Disorganized
⑤ Paranoid
MCQ
5. People with schizophrenia who have
poverty of speech, inability to express their
emotion and initiate a goal are said to be
experiencing ______symptoms
① Positive
② Negative
③ Extrusive
④ Intrusive
⑤ Residual
AP Style FRQ

1.
2.
Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder that
results in serious forms of suffering. Hence,
psychologists have worked to identify its nature
and origins.
Identify three characteristic symptoms that are
primarily used to diagnose schizophrenia.
Discuss possible etiology for schizophrenia.
Bibliography
Amanda bynes' secret twitter account reveals possible schizophrenia symptoms
& violent threats!. (2013, 10 1). Perezhilton. Retrieved from
http://perezhilton.com/2013-06-05-amanda-bynes-secret-twitter-accountreveals-schizophrenia-symptoms/
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of
mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychological Association. (2007). APA dictionary of psychology.
Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Helicon. (2013, March 1). Re: Louis Wain: the effects of schizophrenia on the
perception of the artist [Web log comment]. Retrieved from
http://heliconbristol.blogspot.kr/2013/03/louis-wain-effects-ofschizophrenia-on.html
Mash, Eric. J., & Barkley Russell A. (Eds.). (2003). Child psychopathology.
New York: The Guilford Press.
Myers, D.G. (2010). Psychology.(9th ed). New York: Worth publishers.
Smith, M. (2013, 10 2). Amanda bynes new diagnosis bipolar disorder and
schizophrenia. Las Vegas Guardian Express. Retrieved from
http://guardianlv.com/2013/10/amanda-bynes-new-diagnosis-bipolardisorder-and-schizophrenia/