GONAD GLANDS
By: Michelle Soroksky, Mahlet Mesfin, & Gaby
Valenzuela – Period 2
Endocrine System
• The endocrine system is a collection of glands, each of
which secrets different types of hormones that regulates
metabolism, growth and development, tissue function,
sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood, among
other things.
• The endocrine system Is one of the most important
systems because it roduces and manages our hormones
making sure there is a balances amount
Gonad Glands
• Gonads are the organs that make gametes. The gonads in
males are the testes and in females they are the ovaries.
• Gametes are haploid germ cells. In males they are
spermatozoon and in the females they are the egg cells
Location
Women:
ovaries; on both
sides of the
uterus below
the opening of
the fallopian
tubes
Men: testes;
hang in a
pouch of skin
called a
scrotum
outside the
male body
Role & Function
• The gonads are the male or female sex organs. They
make sperm and egg cells.
Hormones
• Females: estrogen and progesterone
• Males: testosterone androsterone
Estrogen and Progesterone
• Controls a woman’s menstrual cycle
• Cyclic changes inside the uterus:
• 1. The development, ripening, and discharge of the egg
(ovulation) to be fertilized
• 2. The preparation of the lining of the uterus to receive a
fertilized egg
• 3. Dismantling of the lining
Testosterone
• Testosterone is the most active and abundant of the
androgens. It helps grow facial hair and helps to
create/grow the male reproductive system
Androsterone
• Androsterone is one of the androgens, which are steroid
hormones that affect the masculinization of the fetus and
child that maintain or create masculine traits in adults.
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Causes and Symptoms
• Description: a condition in which
the gonad glands produce little
or no sex hormones.
• Causes:
• a lack of hormones that stimulate
the ovaries or testes (FSH)
• Genetic defects
• High doses or long-term use of
opioid or steroid medications
• Symptoms:
• Females: Lack of breasts and
menstrual periods
• Males: No development of sex
characteristics
• Both: Inability to smell, short stature,
lack of development at puberty
Diagram
Menopause
Description, Causes, & Symptoms
• Description: When a woman
does not produce eggs
anymore and menstruation
has stopped completely
• Causes:
• A woman’s ovaries stop
making eggs and they
produce less estrogen and
progesterone
• Symptoms:
• Irregular menstrual periods,
estrogen/progesterone levels
decrease, egg production
becomes infrequent
Diagram
Fun Facts
• Females are born with all the eggs they will ever have. Males don't
start to make sperm until puberty, and continue to make new supplies
their whole life.
• The testes hang away from the body in the scrotum because sperm
needs to be kept a few degrees cooler than body temperature to
function best.
• The testis are kept separate from the rest of the body by something
called the 'blood-testis barrier'. This stops the immune system from
seeing the testes, because it would see the sperm cells as foreign
and try to destroy them.
• The gonads in both sexes are the main source of sex steroid
hormones (estrogen and progesterone in females, testosterone in
males)
Bibliographies
• Diagram showing Gonad diseases. Wkimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.
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<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/51/Diagram_showing_the_disruption_of_the_hormonal_pathwa
ys_of_puberty_due_to_the_failure_of_GnRH_release_seen_in_KS_and_HH.gif>.
Endocrine System Diagram. Pauerhome. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.pauerhome.com/ryan/endocrine_system/endocrine_system_diagrams/gonads_diagram.jpg>.
FAQs. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.faqs.org/health-encyc/Diseases-of-The-Body/Diseases-ofthe-Endocrine-Glands.html#b>.
Fertilization. Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sperm-egg.jpg>.
"The Gonads." FAQs. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.faqs.org/health-encyc/Your-Body/TheEndocrine-Glands-The-gonads.html>.
Gonads. Medicalook. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.medicalook.com/systems_images/Gonads_large.gif>.
"Human Gonad." Wikipedia. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Wikipedia. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_gonad>.
"Spermatozoon." Wikipedia. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Wikipedia. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatozoon>.
Testicle. Medical.cdn.patient.co.uk. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.
<http://medical.cdn.patient.co.uk/images/146.gif>.
"Uterus." WiseGeek. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.
<http://images.wisegeek.com/b85850ab01f30cb0d3e105ab165533e1.jpg>.
Shmaefsky, Brian R. "Gonads." Applied Anatomy & Physiology. N.p.: n.p., 2007.
277-78. Print.
"Menopause." A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print.
Androsterone. Ebay. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://reviews.ebay.com/
What-Are-PROHORMONES-Guide?ugid=10000000006223516>.
"Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism." PubMed Health. N.p., 16 Aug. 2012. Web. 10 Mar.
2013. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001427/>.
Concept Check
• 1. The gonad in males is/are
A) testosterone
B) ovaries
C) Testes
D) Scrotum
• 2. The gonads in females is/are
A) estrogen
B) Ovaries
C) Womb
D) Fallopian tubes
• 3. The role of Gonads in males is to
A) make egg cells
B) make sperm cells
C) help with hair growth
D) protect organs
• 4.Open Ended: What is the function of the gonads in the human body?
•C
•B
•B
• Gonads are the organs that make gametes. The gonads
in males are the testes and in females they are the
ovaries.