Turn of the Century (20th) and the
First World War
351 Spath
Brief Review
What we covered re Ottomans last Monday…
- Expansion
- Systems and Strategies of Ottoman rule
- Disintegration and decline (18th c.)
- Reform and consolidation period (19th c.)
Leading up to WWI
- Committee of
Union and
Progress
- Young Turk
Revolt (1908)
- Triple Entente
and Ottoman
Response
- Ottoman Arabs
Young Turk Era (1908-1918)
-Issues of Political Identity
What would be the trajectory of the Ottoman state under
the Young Turks?
-Ottomanism and Turkism lacked resonance and ability to
incorporate the people inside the empire
- Among others, Arabs sought greater autonomy (more
decentralized form of Ottoman rule)
- Antagonism between Ottoman and Arab leaders
compounded Arab’s search for new political identity and
opposition to Ottoman rule
YTE (continued)
- Triple Entente (GB, France, Russia)
- Ottoman Response & developing relationship with Germany
- Ottomans enter the war (1914)
- British imperial interests in the war
Arab Revolt
- Hussein-McMahon Correspondence (1915-1916)
- Initial victories, then decline in momentum and strength
- Reinvigoration
- T.E. Lawrence and Emir Feisel
- Allenby’s forces with Arab help overwhelm Ottomans
Sharif Hussein
ibn Ali
HusseinMcMahon
Correspondence
(1915-16)
A diplomatic mess…
- Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916)
- Initial victories, then decline in momentum and strength
- Reinvigoration
- T.E. Lawrence and Emir Feisel
- Allenby’s forces with Arab help overwhelm Ottomans
- Balfour Declaration
- Paris Peace Conference (1919), San Remo Conference (1920),
Council of League of Nations (1922)
- Cairo Conference (1921)
Sykes-Picot agreement
Balfour
Declaration
(1917)