Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis song
Keystone Anchors
 BIO.A.3.2.1
Compare the basic
transformation of energy during
photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
 BIO.A.3.2.2
Describe the role of ATP in
biochemical reactions
Where does all of our energy
come from?
How do plants get food?

Photosynthesis- Process by which green plants
or organism with chlorophyll convert _______
light
chemical energy in the bonds
energy into _____________
of carbohydrates

Autotrophic – Can transfer energy to
________________
produce food – can synthesize food

Heterotrophic – Must obtain energy from
_________________
preformed food – gotta eat food!
TYPE I
Explain the process of photosynthesis using
the diagram on the previous page. Use at
least 3 lines.
THE FORMULA
carbon dioxide + water + light chlorophyll
_____________________
glucose + oxygen
________________
enzymes
 Seems

simple, huh?
Takes EIGHTY different chemical reactions
from start to finish
Where does Photosynthesis
happen?
 In


chloroplasts
the _________________!
Chloroplasts are oval structure consisting of
stacks called grana (photosynthetic
membranes) and a liquid called stroma.
Chlorophyll is found in the stacked grana
Light Reaction occurs in the...
Calvin Cycle occurs in the...
ATP
 IT’S
ENERGY
 When chlorophyll absorbs light, it is absorbing
energy
bonds of Adenosine
 It stores it in the __________
Triphosphate (ATP)
ATP v ADP
Section 4.1 Review
 What
is the difference between an
autotroph and a heterotroph?
Autotroph—makes own food
Heterotroph—needs to eat food
 How are ADP and ATP related?
ADP is missing a phosphate (and energy)
ATP has all 3 phosphate and lots of energy
They go back and forth
 What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
The products?
carbon dioxide + water + light
glucose + oxygen
2 Main Steps of PS
Step 1
1.
Light reactions—occurs only in the
light
presence of ___________


Occurs in the grana (thylakoids) of the
chloroplasts
Also known as Photolysis because light is
split water
used to __________
_________ molecules into
hydrogen and oxygen
2 Main steps of PS
Step 2
1.
or
Dark Reactions—can occur in light ____
darkness. Follows light reactions


Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts
Also known as Carbon fixation because
CO2 will get “fixed up” with the hydrogens
and energy from the light reaction
Thylakoid
(has
Chlorophyll)
Fluid filled Stroma
water
LIGHT REACTION
LIGHT INDEPENDENT “DARK” REACTION
(CALVIN CYCLE)
Light Reactions
1.
2.
Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight.
broken down
 Water is __________
_________
released
 Oxygen is ______________
Oxygen leaves the plant and goes into
the air
The Dark Reactions
1.
2.
3.
CO2
_________
is added to a cycle of
reactions to build larger molecules
H
_________
from the light reaction is
added to CO2
A molecule of simple sugar is formed
glucose
 _____________
Process Box
Look at the diagram of photosynthesis from the previous slide. What are the names
of the two reactions that are occurring in the chloroplasts Describe what reactants
are going in and what products are going out.
Section 4.2 Review
 What
is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Absorbs energy from sunlight
 What goes in the light reactions? What comes
out?
IN: light and water
OUT: Oxygen
 What
out?
goes in the dark reactions? What comes
IN: CO2
OUT: Glucose (C6H12O6)
REACTION
TYPE
What
What
goes into comes
it?
out of it?
Does it
need
light?
Does it
need
the
dark?
Yes
No
(What is
Created?)
Light
Reaction
H2O
Oxygen
What
gets
split?
What
gets
‘fixed
up’?
Water
Nothing
Sunlight
‘DARK’
Reaction
(Calvin
Cycle)
CO2
H goes
into the
dark
cycle
Glucose
No
No
Nothing
Hydrogen
Nicholl
PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW
1. What is the definition of Photosynthesis?
2. What are the reactants for Photosynthesis?
3. What are the products?
4. What happens during the light reaction of Photosynthesis?
5. What is made during the Calvin Cycle?
6. In what structure is chlorophyll found within a chloroplast?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
REVIEW
7. What occurs in the stroma of a chloroplast?
8. Why is the Calvin cycle referred to as the “dark” reaction?
9. Does the light reaction have to occur in the light?
Does the dark reaction have to occur in the dark?
10. Why is glucose so valuable to all living things?
11. Why are plants known as autotrophs (or “producers”)?
12. If you eat a hamburger for dinner, how is it that you are eating energy that
was made by plants?
13. Plants store energy in many ways. For example, a carrot is the root part of
a plant that stores lots of energy (that’s why carrots are SO good for you!!).
14. Name 3 other parts of a plant that store high energy?
Process Box
Think about what our body need to take in to live? What does your body
produce as waste products as a result of living?
Photosynthesis and food
Cellular
Respiration
Chapter 4
Glucose + Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
The route from food to energy
________
GLUCOSE
Goes through
Glycolysis
Not a lot of ATP made
Then
With
oxygen
Without oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Glycolysis


Breaks glucose down into 2 pyruvic acid molecules
Occurs in cytoplasm
______________
Glycolysis

2 ATP invested
4 ATP generated

___
2 “net” ATP gained

Fermentation


Occurs after glycolysis
not require oxygen
Does ______


Anaerobic
______________
Switches NADH back into NAD+

Allows glycolysis to continue
Fermentation

Two types

Alcoholic
_______________
fermentation

Lactic
acid
__________
________
fermentation
No OXYGEN Present
Pyruvate
Allows Glycolysis to continue to
make 2 ATP’s
cytoplasm
Occurs in mammals when O2 runs out
Causes burning muscles
Acidity causes muscle pain
Broken down over time (when O2
becomes available again)
• A muscle will “cramp” without ATP
• Bacteria can also create lactic acid –
and we use them to create pickles, and
milk curdles in lactic acid = yogurt!
•
•
•
•
No OXYGEN Present
Pyruvate
cytoplasm
Allows Glycolysis to continue to
make 2 ATP’s
• Occurs in Yeast
• Makes alcohol
• CO2 gas causes bread to rise (alcohol
evaporates in the oven!)
Section 4.4 Review—Part A

Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm

What goes into glycolysis? What comes out of glycolysis?
IN: Glucose

OUT: 2 ATP & 3 carbon molecule
Why does fermentation occur?
No oxygen present

What are the two different types of fermentation?
Lactic acid
Alcoholic
Aerobic Respiration



After glycolysis
eukaryotes
Only in _______________
oxygen
Require _________

Aerobic process
_________


NOT THE SAME AS REGULAR RESPIRATION!
Where does aerobic respiration happen?

In the mitochondria!

_______________
Mitochondria are organelles that convert the chemical
energy stored in food into compounds that are more
convenient for the cell to use
2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration
Kreb’s cycle
1.
o
CO2
Pyruvic acid is broken down into ________
in a series of
energy-extracting reactions
•
2 ATP are generated
2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration
Electron
transport
chain
__________
___________
________
2.
o
Uses high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to
convert ADP into ATP
o _____________
are produced
32 ATP
Energy Carrying
Molecule
mitochondria
90% of Glucose
Energy!!
From Krebs Cycle
+
Breathed out of the
body!!
H20
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
PROCESS
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport
Chain
Fermentation
LOCATION
cytoplasm
mitochondria
IN
Glucose
Pyruvic acid
OUT
2 Pyruvic acid
Carbon dioxide
oxygen
water
Pyruvic acid
NAD+
# of ATP
Produced
2
2
32
mitochondria
cytoplasm
2
Section 4.4 Review—Part B

Where does aerobic respiration take place?
Mitochondria

What goes into the Kreb’s cycle? What comes out?
IN: 3 carbon molecule

What goes into electron transport? What comes out?
IN: Oxygen

OUT: ATP, CO2
OUT: Water and ATP!!!
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
Reactants of one are basically the products of the other
RESPIRATION REVIEW
1. What are the 3 stages of Cellular Respiration, and how many ATP’s are created with
each?
Glycolosis -2 ATP
Kreb’s Cycle – 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain – 32 ATP
2. What is the “fuel” that allows cellular respiration to begin?
Glucose
3. How is Glycolysis different than Krebs and E.T.C.?
Glycolosis take place in the cytoplasm. Krebs and ETC in the mitochondria
4. Why do humans not depend as much on Glycolysis for energy?
Only produces 2 ATP
5. Muscle pain after a workout is a result of the buildup of what substance?
Lactic Acid
RESPIRATION REVIEW
6. What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
Final H+ acceptor
7. What is the role of NADH during cellular respiration?
Provides H+ for ETC
8. By what process do we create products such as yogurt, sauerkraut, and pickles?
Lactic acid fermentation
9. What organisms can make alcohol?
yeast
10. What organisms can make lactic acid?
mammals
RESPIRATION SCENERIO
7. Consider a person who runs a 5K. Afterward, he is breathing heavily because he is
oxygen deficient. He is complaining of weak legs and is sweating profusely.
12. Because he is low in oxygen, what will accumulate in his muscles? Lactic acid_
13. Breathing heavily allows more oxygen to be taken in. What is the role of oxygen?
Pick up H+
14. Breathing heavily also allows excess CO2 to be removed. What process forms the CO2?
Krebs
15. Sweat helps keep the body cool. How are sweating and ATP related?
ATP produces heat and sweat cools the body
16. What is the waste product of E.T.C.?
water
17. What do you think the FIRST thing this runner will do after he finishes the race?
Drink water
Light energy  chemical energy
Chloroplasts
Water + CO2 + Light
Oxygen + Sugar
Water + CO2
+ Light
Sugar  ATP
Cytoplasm + Mitochondria
Oxygen + Sugar
Water + CO2 + ATP
Oxygen +
Sugar
Oxygen +
Sugar
Water + CO2
+ ATP