 Ethernet address (MAC address )
 48-bit unique addresses hard wired in NICs (280 trillion)
 12 hex numbers, e.g. 00-A0-C9-9F-00-07
 first three identify company, Intel in the example
 how to see: NT Diagnostics , Transports or IPconfig , or System Information
 IP address (number)
 32-bit value, not hard coded (4 billion), assigned manually or by DHCP (later class)
 four dotted quads, each quad a decimal from 0-255, corresponding to eight bits, e.g. UBMAIL IP address is 198.202.0.25
 to convert open NT Calculator select View,
Scientific, decimal and type dotted quad decimal



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Station A wants to send message to station D, but IP number is not in the same subnet -- no can do!
Sends the message to the default IP router -default gateway
All stations belonging to the same subnet share the first three dotted quads.
204.52.128.67 and 204.52.128.147 are in the same subnet, while 198.202.0.25 is not.

 A-class networks
 first 8 bits fixed, from 0-126 (only 127)
 very large companies like IBM, BBN, DEC,HP
 can assign 3 dotted quads - up to 16 million hosts
 B-class networks

 first 16 bits fixed, first quad 128-191 and second 0-255
(16,384)
Medium-sized companies like Microsoft, Exxon
 can assign 2 dotted quads - up to 65,535 hosts
 C-class networks

 first 24 bits fixed, first quad 192-223, second and third 0-
255 (2,097,152) can assign 1 dotted quad - up to 253 hosts, 0 is the subnet address., 1 default router address, 255 broadcast address.

 Default subnet mask:255.255.255.0
 Subnetting a C-Class network
Number of subnet s
0
Number of host s in subnet
253
Number of bit s required
0
2 126 1
4 62 2
8 30 3
16 14 4
Download and use the free IP Calculator

 Special addresses
 Network address: first address in subnet
 Router address: second address in subnet
 Broadcast address: last address in subnet
 CIDR (“slash x” networks)
Number of

 some examples
255.255.255.x
25
26
128
192
128
64
27 224 32

 Sockets are the basic TCP requirement
 Socket address
 IP address of the receiver
 Port number of the receiving program
(80,21,23)
 Type of port TCP or UDP
 WinSock is an adaptation of sockets to the PC
 it now comes as part of the PC OSs
 it is an application programming interface

 Host names in Windows
 HOSTS a list of IP and names (each machine)
 DNS a server with a common table of IP & names (use with Windows, together with Active
Directory)
 WINS Windows Internet Name Server
 not DNS compatible (use only with NT/9x)
 can resolve IP addresses inside a Windows network
 good with dealing with NetBEUI names
 FQDN
 Fully Qualified Domain Name
 name of a host like: machine.org.domain, e.g. ubmail.ubalt.edu, with a DNS assignment to an IP

 Install TCP/IP protocol (for NT/9x)
 open the network dialog
 select protocol, then add you will see the select protocol dialog
 click OK and NT/9x will will ask for disk and install
TCP/IP
 Setup IP address details
 select TCP/IP protocol and click on properties you will see the TCP/IP properties dialog. See the equivalent in
Windows 2000 , XP , VISTA , and Windows 7 .
 Select the adapter you want to setup (up to six graphically)
 Fill in IP number, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway
 Select the DNS tab and you will see the DNS setup