Knowledge-intensive Business
Processes
Business Process Technology Group
Knowledge Processing and Information Systems
Winter Semester 2012/2013
Agenda
2
Official Information
Seminar Timeline
Deliverables
Topic Overview
Topics
Organizational Aspects
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Official Information
3
Title: Knowledge-intensive Business Processes
Cooperation with colleague Prof. Torsten Schaub
Credit Points: 3 (graded)
SWS: 2
Registration Deadline: 31st October 2012
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Seminar Timeline
4
22.10.2012 (today)
Presentation of Topics HPI
25.10.2012
Presentation of Topics IFI
28.10.2012
Application Deadline for Topics
29.10.2012
Topic Assignment
31.10.2012
Registration Deadline
End of lecture time
Final Presentation
28.02.2013
Final Paper Submission
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Deliverables
5
End of lecture time
Final Presentation
■ 20 Minutes Talk + 10 Minutes Discussions
■ Focus: Overview of the whole work
■ Feedback session afterwards
28.02.2013
Final Paper Submission
■ 10 Pages
■ LNCS Style
■ PDF Format
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Topic Selection
6
22.10.2012 (today)
Presentation of Topics HPI
25.10.2012
Presentation of Topics IFI
28.10.2012
Application Deadline for Topics
• Send an E-Mail to
andreas.meyer@hpi.uni-potsdam.de including:
• Name
• Student ID number
• Three topics ranked by your preference
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Topic Overview
7
#
Topic
Supervisor
1
eGovernment Process Knowledge Ontology: Business Process
Knowledge Interdependencies in the Public Administration
Rami Eid-Sabbagh
2
Methods of Concept Drift Detection
Andreas Rogge-Solti
3
Vertical Workflow Run-time Optimization
Luise Pufahl
4
Process Architecture in Healthcare
Luise Pufahl, Nico Herzberg
5
A Repository for Event Descriptions
Nico Herzberg
6
Advanced Querying with Behavioral Relations
Matthias Kunze
7
Literature Review on Techniques and Methods for Service Retrieval
with respect to Process Data
Oleh Khovalko
8
Data Object Abstraction as Standalone Technique
Andreas Meyer
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
eGovernment Process Knowledge Ontology
BPM Knowledge Interdependencies in the Public
Administration
Rami-Habib Eid-Sabbagh
rami.eidsabbagh@hpi.uni-potsdam.de
Example
Registration of an enterprise
Subprocesses
Actors
§
Processes
Forms
Laws
B. Gewerbetreibende, die
einer besonderen
Genehmigung bedürfen
(§§ 29 - 40)
|
§ 34c
Makler, Anlageberater,
Bauträger, Baubetreuer
9 Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Context
10
Context eGovernment
Modernization efforts of administrations
Analysis of internal and external processes (G2B, G2C, G2G)
Public Administration’s operations based on laws and regulations

Operations based on form documents
Problem:

Many interdependencies between process, data, and regulatory
level

Change not always propagated

Inconsistencies

Compliance problems
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Tasks
11
Tasks
Literature review on framework/ontologies in regard to public service
description, law, regulation and other input
Design framework/ontology
Evaluate ontology by designing different life situations
Design change propagation strategies
Literature
eCh Projekt-Leitfaden
Adegboyega Ojo, Tomasz Janowski and Elsa Estevez, Domain Models and Enterprise Application Framework for Developing
Electronic Public Services, UNU-IIST and UNU-IIST Reports 2007.
Konstantinos Tarabanis and Vassilios Peristeras, Requirements for Transparent Public Services Provision amongst Public
Administrations, EGOV 2002.
Wissensbasiertes Prozessmanagement im E-Government, Klischweski und Wimmer, Hirschgraben 2005
Yannis Charalabidis et al., The Greek Electronic Government Interoperability Framework: Standards and Infrastructures for
One-Stop Service Provision. Panhellenic Conference on Informatics 2008
Vassilios Peristeras and Konstantinos Tarabanis, Advancing the Government Enterprise Architecture – GEA: The Service
Execution Object Model, EGOV 2004
Eid-Sabbagh, R.-H., Dijkman, R.M., Weske, M.: Business Process Architecture: Use and Correctness. In: Barros, A.P., Gal, A.,
and Kindler, E. (eds.) BPM. pp. 65–81. Springer (2012).
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Methods of Concept Drift Detection
Andreas Rogge-Solti
andreas.rogge-solti@hpi.uni-potsdam.de
Monitoring & Predicting
13
■ We monitor executions of a business process
■ Prediction models can be used:
■ Model for prediction should be accurate!
■ But there is a problem of changes in the
environment: a.k.a. “concept drift”
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Types of Concept Drift
14
Source: J.C. Bose, W.M.P. van der Aalst, I. Zliobaite, M. Pechenizkiy.
Handling Concept Drift in Process Mining. Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, Proceedings of CAiSE 2011, London, UK, 2011
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Methods of Concept Drift Detection
15
Your tasks in this seminar:
■ Use given literature (or further works)
to categorize detection methods
■ Sketch an architecture to detect
concept drift in a
monitoring environment
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Methods of Concept Drift Detection
16
Literature:
■ B. Depaire, J. Swinnen, M. Jans, K. Vanhoof. A Process
Deviation Analysis Framework, BPM Workshops 2012,
Workshop on Security in Business Processes, Tallinn,
Estonia, 2012
■ J.C. Bose, W.M.P. van der Aalst, I. Zliobaite, M.
Pechenizkiy. Handling Concept Drift in Process Mining.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Proceedings of CAiSE
2011, London, UK, 2011
■ Indré Zliobaite. Learning under Concept Drift: an Overview.
Technical report, Faculty of Mathematics and
Informatics,Vilnius University, Lituania, 2009
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Vertical Workflow Run-time Optimization
Luise Pufahl
luise.pufahl@hpi.uni-potsdam.de
Vertical Workflow Run-time Optimization
18
Patient 5
Patient 3
Patient 4
Patient 2
Patient 1
Patient 1
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Vertical Workflow Run-time Optimization
19
Patient 5
Patient 3
Patient 4
Patient 2
Patient 1
Patient 1
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Vertical Workflow Run-time Optimization
20
Tasks
• Provide insight into multi-instance process tasks and their
limitations
• Consider the given literature to come up with a structured
comparison of approaches for realizing batch services
• Characteristics of the approaches
• Strengths and weaknesses
• Use the given use case for the evaluation
• Optional: an own approach can be proposed (e.g. how to present
batch services in the Business Process Modeling Notation)
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Vertical Workflow Run-time Optimization
21
Literature
•
Sadiq, S., Orlowska, M., Sadiq, W., Schulz, K.: When workflows will not
deliver: The case of contradicting work practice. In: Proc. BIS'05. (2005)
•
Liu, J. and Hu, J., Dynamic batchprocessing in workflows: Model and
implementation, Future Generation Computer Systems Volume 23(3)(2007),
338–347.
•
Wen, Y.; Chen, Z.; Liu, J., Activity Instance Oriented Handling to Support
Run-time Optimization of Process Cases, 2011 Seventh International
Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grids.
•
Liu, J. and Wen, Y. and Li, T. and Zhang, X.:A data-operation model based
on partial vector space for batch processing in workflow, Concurrency and
Computation: Practice and Experience 23(16) (2011) 1936-195.
•
Mangler, J. and Rinderle-Ma, S., Rule-based synchronization of process
activities, 2011 IEEE 13th Conference on Commerce and Enterprise
Computing (CEC), 2011.
•
http://www.workflowpatterns.com/patterns/control/
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Process Architecture in Healthcare
Nico Herzberg and Luise Pufahl
luise.pufahl@hpi.uni-potsdam.de
nico.herzberg@hpi.uni-potsdam.de
Process Architecture in Healthcare
23
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Process Architecture in Healthcare
24
Tasks
 Consider given literature (or even further literature) to come up
with an overview (picture)
 Recommend at which level process model diagrams are useful
 Clarify the term process architecture
 Give based on the overview a first proposal for a general process
architecture in the healthcare domain
 Optional: medical experts of University Hospital of Jena could
support in literature selection and verification of the developed
process architecture
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Process Architecture in Healthcare
25
Literature

U. Ronellenfitsch and M. Schwarzbach. Klinisches Prozessmanagement - Klinische Pfade
in der Chirurgie: Evidenz und Potenzial. Zentralblatt Chirurgie, 135(2):99–101, 2010.

T. Rotter et al. Clinical pathways: effects on professional practice, patient outcomes,
length of stay and hospital costs. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, Issue 3, 2010.

M. Uerlich, A. Dahmen,
S. Tuschy,
U. Ronellenfitsch,
K. Eveslage,
Literature
Review
on Techniques
and O. VargasHein?, G.
Tuerk-Ihli, and M.Methods
Schwarzbach.
- Terminologie
for Klinische
ServicePfade
Retrieval
with und
Entwicklungsstufen. Periop.Med., 1(3):155–163, 2009.
respect to Process Data

M. Raetzell and M. Bauer. Standard operating procedures und klinische
Behandlungspfade. In OP-Management: praktisch und effizient, pages 187–198.
Springer, 2006

H. Kö th, K. Miller, M. Lein, et al. Entwicklung und Effekte eines
standortü bergreifenden klinischen Behandlungspfades am Beispiel: "Laparoskopische
Prostatektomie". Perioperative Medizin, 1(3):173–180, 2009.

R. Müller and A. Rogge-Solti. BPMN for healthcare processes. In 3rd Central-European
Workshop on Services and their Composition (ZEUS), pp. 65–72, 2011

R. Lenz and M. Reichert. IT support for healthcare processes – premises, challenges,
perspectives. In Data & Knowledge Engineering, 61(1): 39-58, 2007.
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
A Repository for Event Descriptions
Nico Herzberg
nico.herzberg@hpi.uni-potsdam.de
N. Herzberg. Towards a High-quality Event Base –
A Research Agenda (unpublished yet)
A Repository for Event Descriptions
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22th October 2012
A Repository for Event Descriptions
28
Tasks
■ Proposal for an event repository
■ Information about business event definition in one place
□ Name
□ Description
□ Extraction rules for event information
□ Utilization of external and runtime knowledge
□ etc.
■ Validation of SOA approach for that problem
■ How could repositories entries be managed and found?
■ Link to BPT bachelor project 2012/2013
■ Optional: investigation whether approach applicable for
normalized events also
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
A Repository for Event Descriptions
29
Literature
■ N. Herzberg, M. Kunze, A. Rogge-Solti. Towards process
evaluation in non-automated process execution environments. 4th
Central-European Workshop on Services and their Composition
(ZEUS), 2012
■ Oasis. Reference Model for Service Oriented Architecture. Public
Review Draft 2. Oasis Standard, 2006
■ N. Herzberg. Towards a High-quality Event Base - A Research
Agenda (unpublished yet)
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Advanced Querying with Behavioral
Relations
Matthias Kunze
matthias.kunze@hpi.uni-potsdam.de
Business Process Model Querying
31
• process models capture the operations
carried out to create business value
• documentation and analysis
• automation, certification
• modern companies maintain thousands
of process models, e.g., for reference
and reuse
• requires effective search capabilities
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Querying by Behavior Inclusion
32
• Which of the process models stored in the
repository can replay the behavior of a given
query?
query
model
repository
✔
✗
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Efficient Comparison of Behavior
33
Precedence – Local Behavior
A > B ⇔ B is executed directly after A
Weak Order – Global Behavior
A ≻ B ⇔ B is executed some time after A
A B C
A
>
B
>
C
G A B E
G
≻ ≻ ≻
A
≻ ≻
B
≻
E
≻
C
≻
H
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
C
≻
≻
≻
≻
H
≻
≻
≻
≻
≻
Business Process Model Querying
34
• initial empirical studies show
• works well on simple examples
• humans are challenged by complex queries,
e.g., gateways
 some queries return results that humans do not
expect!
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Your Task
35
Survey expected results of queries and adapt
querying semantics to match expectations closer.
1. read related literature to understand the
fundamentals of behavioral querying
2. comprehend and discuss querying limitations
and peculiarities of the approach
3. prepare a user study to find out, what users
expect from potential queries
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
User Study Considerations
36
• consider real world processes from existing process
collections
• design specific queries that address the particularities of
the querying approach
• prepare potential matches to the query that shall be
evaluated by humans
query
☑
☑
☒
☒
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
☑
Literature
37
• R. M. Dijkman, M. L. Rosa, and H. A. Reijers. Managing large collections
of business process models - current techniques and challenges.
Computers in Industry, 63(2):91–97, 2012.
• M. Weidlich, J. Mendling, and M. Weske. Efficient consistency
measurement based on behavioral profiles of process models. IEEE
Trans. Softw. Eng., 37(3):410–429, May 2011.
• M. Kunze and M. Weske. Local behavior similarity. In BPMDS 2012 and
EMMSAD 2012, volume 113 of LNBIP, pages 107–120. Springer, 2012.
• M. Kunze, M. Weidlich, M. Weske. Querying Process Models by Example.
(submitted)
• F. Pittke, H. Leopold, J. Mendling, G. Tamm. Enabling Reuse of Process
Models trough the Detection of Similar Process Parts. In rBPM
workshop 2012.
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Literature Review on Techniques and
Methods for Service Retrieval with
respect to Process Data
Oleh Khovalko
oleh.khovalko@hpi.uni-potsdam.de
Context
39
?
?
?
ProceedOrder
Service
ValidateOrder
Service
CheckOrder
Service
VerifyOrder
Positions
StockControl
Service
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Context
40
An important issue arising from execution of business processes is
how to conveniently, accurately and efficiently retrieve services
from large-scale and expanding service repositories.
However, it has been observed that service providers typically release
poor service descriptions. Several approaches have been proposed to
tackle this problem by enriching poor service descriptions with
additional information from other sources.
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Task
41
■ Literature review on techniques and methods for service discovery
and selection with respect to process data
■ Compare current theoretical approaches and practical solutions as
well as future trends in this research area
□ What is possible and what is not?
□ Where are the limits of current methods?
■ propose further steps on improving those techniques
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
References
42
■
Fensel D., Keller U., Lausen H., Polleres A., Toma I. WWW Or What Is Wrong With Web Service
Discovery - Position Paper for the Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services,
Innsbruck, Austria, June 2005
■
AbuJarour M., Naumann F. Dynamic tags for dynamic data web services; Proceeding WEWST
'10 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Enhanced Web Service Technologies, Pages
3-9
■
AbuJarour M., Ahmed A. Enriched Service Descriptions Using Business Process
Configurations; Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Enterprise Modelling and
Information Systems Architectures, EMISA 2011, Hamburg, Germany, September 22-23, 2011
■
AbuJarour M., Oerge S. Automatic Sampling of Web Services; Conference Publications
ICWS2011, 4-9 July 2011; Page(s): 291 – 298
■
Yiqiao W. Flexible Interface Matching for Web-Service Discovery. WISE 2003. Proceedings of
the Fourth International Conference, Page(s): 147 - 156 Alberta Univ., Edmonton, Alta., Canada
■
Klein M., Bernstein A. Towards High-Precision Service Retrieval, Journal IEEE Internet
Computing archive Volume 8 Issue 1, January 2004 Page 30-36
■
Blanzieri E., D'Andrea V., Giorgini P., Kokash N. Improving Web Service Discovery with Usage
Data; IEEE Software, Nov.-Dec. 2007 Volume: 24 , Issue: 6, Page(s): 47 - 54
■
Vitvar T., Moran M. Towards Optimized Data Fetching for Service Discovery. ECOWS '07 2628 Nov. 2007 Page(s): 191 - 200
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Data Object Abstraction as Standalone
Technique
Andreas Meyer
andreas.meyer@hpi.uni-potsdam.de
Motivation
44
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Task
45
■ Framework for data object abstraction
□ Without affecting control flow
□ Considering data object states and its life cycles
□ Allowing aggregation and generalization of data objects
■ Qualitative evaluation of your proposal
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Literature
46
■ A. Meyer and M. Weske: Data Support in Process Model
Abstraction
■ A. Polyvyanyy, S. Smirnov, M. Weske: Process Model Abstraction:
A Slider Approach
■ S. Smirnov, H. Reijers, and M. Weske: A Semantic Approach for
Business Process Model Abstraction
■ R. Eshuis, P. Grefen: Constructing Customized Process Views
■ G. Berthelot: Transformations and Decompositions of Nets
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Next Steps
47
22.10.2012 (today)
Presentation of Topics HPI
25.10.2012
Presentation of Topics IFI
28.10.2012
Application Deadline for Topics
29.10.2012
Topic Assignment
31.10.2012
Registration Deadline
End of lecture time
Final Presentation
28.02.2012
Final Paper Submission
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012
Questions
48
Knowledge-intensive Business Processes | BPT Group | 22nd October 2012