Atoms and Elements
8.P.1.1 I can explain the relationships between atoms
and elements.
What is Matter?
Anything made of atoms and molecules
 Anything that has mass and takes up
space

What is an example of matter?
What is an Atom?

How small can a piece
of aluminum foil be
broken into?

What is all matter
made of?

How does the video
define an atom?

What are different
types of matter
made of?
An atom…
Is the smallest unit of matter that retains the
identity of the substance
 Atoms are known as the building blocks of all
matter

What can be found in an atom?
It consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Protons and neutrons are located in the
nucleus of an atom
 Electrons are located in the electron cloud
which surrounds the nucleus of an atom
accounting for most of the space an atom
occupies


What are protons, neutrons,
and electrons?
Protons

Positively
charged
subatomic
particles
found in the
nucleus of an
atom
Neutrons

Subatomic
particles
found in the
nucleus of an
atom which
are neutral
Electrons
• Negatively
charged
subatomic
particles
found
orbiting the
nucleus of an
atom
What is an Element?

What do the types of
matter in the video
have in common?

How does the video
define an element?

How many known
elements exist?

What is used to
organize the known
elements?
An element…
Is a substance that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances by
chemical means
 Consists of one type of atom
 If you change the number of protons the
type of element changes

◦ Examples
 Hydrogen consists of one proton and one electron.
 Carbon consists of six protons and six electrons.
What does an element’s atomic
number tell us?

The atomic number of an element tells us the
number of protons in an atom’s nucleus
1) How many protons are in an atom of Nitrogen? 7
2) How many protons are in an atom of Helium? 2
3) How many protons are in an atom of Neon?
4) How many protons are in an atom of Sodium?
10
11
5) How many electrons are in each of the atoms 1- 4?
1) 7
2) 2
3) 10
- Hint: The protons = the electrons
4) 11
What is the atomic mass number?

The atomic mass number of an element
tells us the number of protons and
neutrons in an atom’s nucleus

How do you think we can determine the
number of neutrons in each of the
atoms 1-4?
Atomic mass number = protons + neutrons
- protons
- protons
Atomic mass number – protons = neutrons
How many neutrons?
Atomic mass number – protons = neutrons
1) How many protons are in an atom of Nitrogen? 7
2) How many protons are in an atom of Helium?
2
3) How many protons are in an atom of Neon?
10
4) How many protons are in an atom of Sodium?
12
5) How many protons are in an atom of
Potassium?
20
How many protons, neutrons, and
electrons are in one atom of each
element?
1)
Iron (Fe)
p+ =
n0 =
e- =
2)
Oxygen (O)
p+ =
n0 =
e- =
3)
Boron (B)
p+ =
n0 =
e- =
4)
Chlorine (Cl)
p+ =
n0 =
e- =
5)
Zinc (Zn)
p+ =
n0 =
e- =
6)
Lead (Pb)
p+ =
n0 =
e- =
7)
Copper (Cu)
p+ =
n0 =
e- =
How many protons, neutrons, and
electrons are in one atom of each
element?
1)
Iron (Fe)
p+ = 26
n0 = 29
e- = 26
2)
Oxygen (O)
p+ = 8
n0 = 8
e- = 8
3)
Boron (B)
p+ = 5
n0 = 5
e- = 5
4)
Chlorine (Cl)
p+ = 17
n0 = 18
e- = 17
5)
Zinc (Zn)
p+ = 30
n0 = 35
e- = 30
6)
Lead (Pb)
p+ = 82
n0 = 125
e- = 82
7)
Copper (Cu)
p+ = 29
n0 = 34
e- = 29
Wrap-up
1) What is matter?
2) What are atoms made of?
3) What is the difference between atoms and
elements?
4) What is the atomic mass?
5) How do you determine the number of
protons? Neutrons? Electrons?