Compositional Language(s)
Instructor: Prof. SIGMAN
Tuesday 13:00-15:00
Lecture IV
Announcements
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Assignment I submission!!!
Next week = 추석!
Questions? (질 문?)
Course Website:
http://www.lxsigman.com/clgfall2012/index.h
tm
Assignment II
• Due 학요일, 09 October (in 2 주!)
• On Harmony: weeks 3 and 4
• To be posted to website later today!
0. Review: Typical Musical Parameters
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Pitch (고 저)
Rhythm (Pulse/Meter)
Melody
Harmony (학 성)
Dynamic
Register
Timbre (음 색)
Texture (결)
Orchestration
I. Last Week Class Review
• Any questions?
• OK on common practice harmony?
Last Week: Main topics
• Pythagoras, Plato, Boethius and the “harmony
of the spheres”
• Defining tonality: syntax and function
categories (tonic, dominant, pre-dominant)
• Harmonic Analysis
• Non-Chord Tones (NCT)
Tonal Analysis Review
• 1) Inversions and seventh chords
• 2) Triad and Seventh Chord Qualities (major,
minor, augmented, diminished)
• 3) Cadences (PAC/IAC/HC/DC)
• 4) Tonicisation vs. Modulation
Non-Chord Tone (NCT) Review
• 1) Passing tone (PT)
• 2) Upper neighbour (UN)/Lower Neighbour
(LN)
• 3) Suspension (SUS)
• 4) Retardation (RET)
• 5) Appoggiatura (App)
• 6) Echappée (ET)
• 7) Anticipation (Ant)
[Examples]
II. Harmony in the Early 20th
Century
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Suspended Dominants (Debussy and Ravel)
Emancipation of the Dissonance (Schönberg)
Polytonality (Stravinsky)
Clusters (Cowell)
A. Post-Tonal Tendencies I: The
Tristan Chord (Tristan und Isolde,
1865)
(Tristan Chord)
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_chord
B. Debussy: “Long and Tall” V
Chords
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5A4CkUAazI
“Scalar Collections”
• V7 + 9+11+13+15….
C. Schönberg: The Emancipation
of the Dissonance
“dissonances are the more remote consonances of the overtone
series…”
Emancipation of the dissonance
• Emancipation (Emanzipation/Befreiung) = 해
방
• Dissonance = 불협화음
What is “emancipated?”
Ex) Schönberg, Op. 19 No.4 (1911)
• Atonal
• Emphasis on seventh chords
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8l5wxBA6I
Ex) Webern, Variations op. 27,
mvt. 1 (1936)
• Serial (12-tone) pitch organisation
• M7 emphasis
• Each pitch = placed in 1 register ( = pitch class
and pitch height fixed!)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0MvEUh
5yKA
D. Polytonality
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Polytonality = many keys at once
Bitonality = 2 keys at once
Poly = many (많 은)
Bi = 2
Found in Stravinsky, Milhaud, Honegger,
Bartok, Ives
Stravinsky Examples
• 1. Pétrouchka, “Chez Pétrouchka”
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxpy8Jg4
6dI
• 2. Le sacre du printemps
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ceglu9ms
Rbo (from 3:00)
E. Henry Cowell (1897-1965) : New
Musical Resources (1930)
Cowell’s Tone Clusters
Ex) Cowell, The Tides of
Manaunaun (1917)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pgn4SQFg
U9Y
• Also found in Charles Ives, Carl Ruggles, and
many later composers
F. Quartal and Quintal Harmony
• Preference for 4ths and 5ths over 3rds
• Ex) Hindemith and Aaron Copland
II. Harmony in the Later 20th
Century
A. Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992)
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“modes of limited transposition”
Pitches fixed in register
Chords as motives
Bird song transcription
Chords also associated with colours, stones,
and the harmonics of church bells ( 카 리 용)
• Ex)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLf98HyH
qtg
B. Gérard Grisey (1946-1998)
• Spectralism (or spectral music)
• Harmonic analysis of acoustic instruments
• Application of analysis to harmony, rhythm,
form, and orchestration
• Harmonic series as “mode of limited
transposition”
Example: Grisey, Partiels (1975)
• Analysis of trombone harmonic series on E2….
Partiels
• …”orchestrated” for 18 instruments:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRRwk3h
wrDI s
[Overtone Series Extremes…]