ORGANIZATION

Organization is how ideas are presented. Typically, organization refers to
the larger parts of a piece of writing, although it also refers to how
paragraphs and sentences are written. The flow of a piece of writing affects
how readers interpret ideas. If the organization does not provide readers
with the information they are looking for in an orderly manner, they will
quickly lose interest. Unorganized writing makes readers search for the
information they need.
Why you want organization------

When we talk about effective writing, we often think first about elements
like word choice, grammar and mechanics, and content or evidence. But a
really important part of effective writing and effective thinking, too is clear,
logical organization.

I know where every tool and ingredient is in my kitchen, and I can cook
pretty efficiently. When I begin a recipe, I bring out all the ingredients,
measure them, and line them up in the order in which I'll use them. Even
complicated recipes seem fairly easy once I have everything laid out, and
the organization gives me some sense of control.

My office looks like a shambles and I've wasted a lot of time looking for a
book or document that I know is here somewhere. Thinking and acting are
both harder when things are disorganized.

The same principle affects you and me as writers and readers. When things
are laid out in some sort of order, we can work with them more easily.

If you choose a clear, recognizable pattern (for a single paragraph, and also
for a whole essay), you find it easier to select details and also help your
reader to discover relationships that connect things, that make things seem
more coherent.
Principles of Organization
Chronological Order (order of Time)
 In chronological order or time order, items, events, or even ideas are
arranged in the order in which they occur. This pattern is marked by such
transitions as next, then, the following morning, a few hours later, still later,
that Wednesday, by noon, when she was seventeen, before the sun rose, that
April, and so on.

Chronological order can suit different modes of writing. It naturally fits in
narration, because when we tell a story, we usually follow the order in
which events occur. Chronological order applies to process in the same
way, because when we describe or explain how something happens or
works, we usually follow the order in which the events occur.
Spatial Order
 In this pattern, items are arranged according to their physical position or
relationships.
 In describing a shelf or desk, I might describe items on the left first, then
move gradually toward the right. Describing a room, I might start with
what I see as I enter the door, then what I see as I step to the middle of the
room, and finally the far side. Describing a person, I might start at the feet
and move up to the head, or just the other way around.
 This pattern might use such transitions as just to the right, a little further
on, to the south of Memphis, a few feet behind, in New Mexico, turning left
on the pathway ,and so on.
 Spatial order is pretty common in description, but can also apply to
examples, to some comparisons, some classifications [the southern species
of this bird . . . ; rhinos in Southeast Asia . . .], some narrations [meanwhile,
out on the prairie ], and other forms of exposition as well
Climactic Order (Order of Importance)

A third common principle of organization is climactic order or order of
importance. In this pattern, items are arranged from least important to
most important. Typical transitions would include more important, most
difficult, still harder, by far the most expensive, even more damaging, worse
yet, and so on.
Topical Order
 A fourth broad principle of organization is called topical order. It refers to
organization that emerges from the topic itself.
 For example, a description of a computer might naturally involve the
separate components of the central processing unit, the monitor, and the
keyboard, while a discussion of a computer purchase might discuss needs,
products, vendors, and service.
 A discussion of a business might explore product, customer, and location,
and so on.
 Topical order, then, simply means an order that arises from the nature of
the topic itself.
 Transitions in this pattern will be a little vague—things like another factor,
the second component, in addition, and so on.
Principle of
Organization
Rhetorical Modes
Sample Transitions
Chronological order
narration, process,
examples and
illustrations, cause &
next; later; the following
Tuesday; afterwards; by
noon; as soon as; in
effect
1998
Description s, examples
and illustrations
just to the right; a little
further on; to the south
Spatial order
of Memphis;
Climatic order
examples & illustrations, more importantly; best
description, comparison of all; still worse; a more
& contrast, analogy
Topical order
effective approach
classification & division, the first element; another
comparison & contrast, key part; a third
analogy, definition,
common principle of
examples & illustrations
organization
.
Brainstorming
Free writing
Listing\ Bulleting
Webbing

Brainstorming is a lateral thinking process. It asks that people come up
with ideas and thoughts that seem at first to be a bit shocking or crazy. You
can then change and improve them into ideas that are useful, and often
stunningly original
Whether you are starting with too much information or not enough,
brainstorming can help you to put a new writing task in motion or revive a
project that hasn't reached completion. Let's take a look at each case:

When you've got nothing: You might need a storm to approach when you
feel "blank" about the topic, devoid of inspiration, full of anxiety about the
topic, or just too tired to craft an orderly outline. In this case, brainstorming
stirs up the dust, whips some air into our stilled pools of thought, and gets
the breeze of inspiration moving again.

When you've got too much: There are times when you have too much chaos
in your brain and need to bring in some conscious order. In this case,
brainstorming forces the mental chaos and random thoughts to rain out onto
the page, giving you some concrete words or schemas that you can then
arrange according to their logical relations
ACHIEVING
COHERENCE

A paragraph coheres-holds together- when the sentences
are arranged in a clear, logical order and when sentences
are related like links in a chain.

Coherence through order

Coherence through related
sentences
Coherence through order

An orderly presentation of ideas within a paragraph.
Three basic ways of ordering your ideas\ thoughts:
 Time Order

Space Order

Order Of Climax
Coherence through related
sentences
Four basic ways to link sentences :

Repetition Of Important Words

Substitution of pronouns

Substitution of synonyms

Transitional Expressions