ANGST 2010
Edited by Kurtis Droge, Sinan Ulusoy, Hannah Kirsch, and Mike Bentley, with help from Matt Bollinger, Trygve
Meade, Andy Watkins, and Daniel Pareja
Packet by Michigan (Phil)
TOSSUPS
1. A bearded man wears a yellow-trimmed red outfit in this artist’s portrait, The Mulatto, while an owl rests
on the shoulder of a woman holding a pitcher in his painting of a tavern owner, Malle Babbe. The
composition of his Portrait of a Married Couple in a Garden strongly resembles that of a contemporary artist’s
painting of Isabella Brant and Her Husband in a Honeysuckle Bower. He depicted the men and women in
charge of an establishment he’s sometimes said to have ended up in with the pair of works titled for the
(*) Regents and Regentesses of the Old Men’s Almshouse. Drooping eyebrows and an open mouth indicate the
drunken condition of the figure he depicted in The Jolly Toper. Also known for painting a group portrait of the
Company of St. Hadrian, for 10 points, name this Dutch Baroque artist of The Laughing Cavalier.
ANSWER: Frans Hals
2. This quantity is what creates the birefringence of light in the Voight effect, as well as in its liquid analog,
the Cotton-Mouton effect. It can be described as "poloidal" when referring to a tokamak, while it's shape
can be described as either azimuthal or meridonial depending on its direction. The Verdet constant is
proportional to it in the (*) Faraday effect, and a potential difference can be created on a current carrying
conductor when one of these is applied in the Hall Effect. Ampere's Law relates the current passing through a loop
to this entity, and the force created by it can be calculated by the Biot-Savart law. The Dutch physicist Pieter
Zeeman names an effect in which spectral lines are split when they are exposed to it. FTP, name this entity that is
created by a moving point charge, the analog of the electric field.
ANSWER: magnetic field
3. One of this religion's text tells of the four types of spiritual seekers, while another tells of the stages a soul
can pass through, including ones named Knowledge, Contentment, Wonderment, and culminating in True
poverty and Absolute Nothingness. Sometimes collected together, those works are The Four Valleys and The
Seven Valleys. (*) Numbers important to this religion include nine, as their official symbol is a nine-pointed star,
and nineteen, as their calendar is comprised on nineteen months, each of which has nineteen days. Its central text,
which contains the "Tablet of the True Seeker," tells of the progression of religions and how each was built upon the
preceding's teachings; that text is the Book of Certitude. For 10 points, name this religion governed from the
Universal House of Justice in Haifa, Isreal, whose patriarch is named the Bab.
ANSWER: Baha'i faith
4. The main character of this novel gives a pound to a man he foolishly thinks will be kind enough to buy him
a bus ticket, though, luckily, he is then accosted by Mr. Mafolo, who is kind enough to accompany him to
Sophiatown. This happens after he receives a letter summoning him to buy a train ride to a city into which
"all roads lead" from Theophilus Msimangu. Some of the less prominent characters of this novel include
Father (*) Vincent, a priest from England, Mrs. Lithebe, the main character’s maid, and Mr. Carmichael, the lawyer
of the main character’s son after he is accused of killing Arthur Jarvis. For ten points, name this novel, in which
Stephen Kumalo goes on a journey in search of his son Absalom and sister Gertrude to find that they are both in
serious trouble, a work by Alan Paton.
ANSWER: Cry, the Beloved Country
5. One leader of this country allowed his power to pass to Leon Arguello, but gave it to his uncle when
Arguello proved too independent. That leader of this country was assassinated during a banquet by
Rigoberto Perez, and had earlier overthrown President Sacasa to gain power over this country. In the 1990’s,
this country’s rule passed from the FSLN to the opposition led by Violeta de Chamorro. This nation was led
by Jose Santos Zelaya and Luis and Anastasio (*) Somoza, who killed the guerrilla leader Augusto Sandino. An
American mercenary named William Walker conquered this country as a filibuster, and ruled it briefly during the
1850s. For 10 points, name this country, once ruled by Daniel Ortega, whose Sandinistas were funded in the IranContra affair.
ANSWER: Nicaragua
6. One of his chief enemies went bald at the age of eight from the trauma of seeing his father kill himself in a
game of Russian Roulette. He’s not Spiderman, but during the Dark Regin story arc he was hunted down by
Super Hero-wannabe Norman Osborn. After this character got shot, his nervous (*) system was taken over by
a chip implanted in him by Kearson DeWitt. He has done battle with Force, a subordinate of Justin Hammer, and
was once helped out by a fatal distraction caused by Ho Yinsen. A rival of Obadiah Stane, in Marvel’s Civil War,
he became the leader of the superhero faction that supported the Registration Act, but recanted after the
assassination of Captain America. For 10 points, name this “Invincible” member of the Avengers portrayed by
Robert Downey, Jr. in two live-action films.
ANSWER: Iron Man [or Anthony “Tony” Stark; accept any underlined answer]
7. One of this author’s characters is guided by a hermit reading the “book of fate” who turns out to be the
angel Jesrad. This author also wrote about an Ottoman slave who discovers her long-lost brother Nerestan
shortly before dying at the hands of her lover, the sultan Orosmane. This author wrote about a Sirian and a
Saturnian who examine Earth in another work. The protagonist of this author's most famous work witnesses
the execution of a British admiral who didn't kill enough enemy sailors before arriving in Venice, where he
meets six kings who have come to see a carnival and realizes that (*) Paquette is now living with Brother
Giroflee. That characterthen departs for Transylvania, where the damsel he seeks, Cunegonde, now works as a maid
and has become ugly. For ten points, name this French author of Candide.
ANSWER: Voltaire or Francois Marie Arouet
8. According to contemporary historians, the fields on which this battle took place became so fecundated by
the carapaces of the fallen that they were able to produce a “magna copia” of yield for many years. The losing
side's two commanders disagreed many times; they refused to camp on the same side of a major river, and
one of them attacked the opposing army’s camp while their leader was negotiating with the other commander
because they both wished to claim credit for the victory. An early skirmish during this battle saw a picketing
force under (*) Marcus Scaurus captured and executed. For ten points, name this battle, the second of the Cimbri
War, between Boiorix and Teutobod, and Maximus and Caepio, which gave way to the Marian reforms because it
was such a striking defeat for the Romans.
ANSWER: Battle of Arausio
9. One way of synthesizing these compounds reacts an aryl alkyl ketone with ammonium polysulfide to
produce a carboxylic acid and one of these. In addition to the Willgerodt rearrangement, ways of
synthesizing cyclic ones include reacting ketones with hydrazoic acid in the Schmidt reaction, or with a
cyclic oxime in the Beckmann rearrangement, and that cyclic variety of this functional group is called a (*)
lactam. They can be synthesized from nitriles in sulfuric acid by the Ritter reaction, but their most common mode
of synthesis involves reacting an acid chloride with a nitrogen containing compound in base and is called the
Schotten-Baumann reaction. Even less reactive than esters, these are, FTP, what functional group, a carbonyl
bonded to an amine.
ANSWER: amide (prompt on: carboxylic acid before "carboxylic acid")
10. This composer borrowed motifs from Schubert for his Six moments musicaux, and other concert works
he wrote for piano include Etudes-tableux. He used a poem by Nikolai Nekrasov as the basis for his Spring
Cantata, and this composer of the symphonic poem The Rock wrote a piano concerto that opens with eight
chords on the (*) solo instrument; that first movement also includes a French horn solo passage following a
chromatic passage for the piano. This composer set Konstantin Balmont's loose translation of Edgar Allen Poe
poetry to music, and he wrote another piece inspired by and titled after paintings by Arnold Bocklin. His last work
for piano and orchestra consists of 24 variations on a melody by the titular violin virtuoso. For 10 points, name this
Russian composer of The Bells, Isle of the Dead, and Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.
ANSWER: Sergei Rachmaninoff
11. This leader won the so-called Coupon Election, which was the first election to feature universal male
suffrage in his home nation. This man’s government was opposed by the Wee Frees under William Benn
after he ousted his predecessor, and he resigned after threatening Turkey with war during the Chanak Crisis.
Among the social reforms he promulgated was an Education Act written by Herbert Fischer that raised the
age for leaving school to fourteen. Also the prime mover behind the Old Age Pensions Act, this leader
advocated his (*) People’s Budget as Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Asquith, whom he replaced as Prime
Minister. For 10 points, name this Welshman, the prime minister who represented Britain at the Treaty of Versailles
and served during the later parts of World War One.
ANSWER: David Lloyd George
12. This character says “You only get a couple of moments that determine your life. Sometimes only one.
And then it's gone. Forever,” after describing how he doesn't understand another person's description of how
love can feel like taking a dive or like getting drowned. One of his historical assignments is to research an
ancestor who attended Transylvania College, Cass Mastern. Through most of the book in which he appears,
he believes that his father is a scholarly attorney, when his biological father is actually a (*) judge named
Irwin. After discovering that the only woman he has ever really loved, Anne Stanton, is sleeping with his boss, he
develops a philosophy reminiscent of anomie, which he dubs the “Great Twitch”. For ten points, name this character
who works for Willie Stark in Robert Penn Warren's All the King’s Men.
ANSWER: Jack Burden (accept either name)
13. According to this myth system, bodies were buried in different directions depending on their age so that
they would have passage to their first underworld, from which they would eventually depart for the Moon.
One deity in this faith is a formless god of the sky, air, and weather who also embodies the essence of life; that
figure was called Silla. Different kinds of spirits in this faith were known as (*) Tuurngait and Anirniit. They
also had separate deities devoted to the hunting of bears and caribou. Their most notable deity, a child of Anguta,
was sometimes said to have married a dog and was very hungry at the time of her birth; she is considered a goddess
of seals and other marine mammals. For 10 points, name this myth system that includes Sedna and is practiced by a
group of northern American Indians.
ANSWER: Inuit Mythology
14. This man discussed the problems of attempting to observe society without joining it in one essay, while he
said "The problem is not one of constructing definitions of religion" in a book that concluded that there were
no significant changes over the last fifty years in the religious practices in the two titular locales. This author
of "From the Native Point of View" discussed a society that focuses on rituals and displays rather than
military might to gauge power in another book using research from Bali. This author of (*) Islam Observed
and Negara included an analysis of the reasoning behind the moral seriousness of sacred symbols along with an
essay about cockfighting, , "Deep Play," in his magnum opus. For 10 points, name this writer who promoted "thick
description" in The Interpretation of Cultures.
ANSWER: Clifford Geertz
15. In plants and certain microorganisms, the glyoxylate cycle consumes these molecules to replenish the
chemical intermediates succinate and malate. A mixed function oxidase acts on them in one pathway that
ultimately yields a molecule with carboxylate groups on both sides. The endoplasmic reticulum is the site of
elongation for these molecules, which are commonly notated using the delta and colon nomenclatures. They
are transported into mitochondria by (*) carnitine acyltransferase from the cytosol, where their synthesis occurs
on an ACP protein complex. These molecules are acted on by thiolase to yield acetyl-CoA in beta oxidation, whose
product fuels the citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis. Including arachidonic acid and palmitic acid, for 10 points,
name these aliphatic carboxylic acids which compose triglycerides.
ANSWER: fatty acid [accept acetate or acetyl-CoA before "mixed function"]
16. In one scene, the protagonist presents a poorly-cured, stinking leopard skin to his love interest, an act
which only frustrates his courtship of that character. The conclusion sees the antagonist die of apoplexy
before he is able to finish building any pagodas that he believes cleanse him of his sins, which include the rape
of numerous village girls. Throughout the novel, the protagonist makes an effort to stand to the left side of
others due to a blue birthmark on his face, and he is repeatedly referred to as pukka sahib by a man Ellis
refers to as Dr. (*) Very-Smelly. After a brief episode with Lieutenant Verrall, Elizabeth briefly returns to Flory
before leaving him for good, an act which results in Flory's suicide and U Po Kyin's successful election to the club.
For 10 points, name this first novel by George Orwell, a pessimistic commentary of imperialism in British India
during the interwar period.
ANSWER: Burmese Days
17. Animals endemic to this chain of islands include three shrews and a namesake horseshoe bat. In The Sign
of Four, the father of Watson’s future wife learns the location of a great treasure while working on one of
these islands. The term Kala Pani, meaning "black water," was used by the natives to describe the Cellular
Jail that was built here in the wake of a native uprising in 1857. Representing the continuation of the Arakan
Yoma Mountains, they are separated to the south by the Ten Degree Channel from the (*) Nicobar Islands.
The closest major city on the mainland is at Chennai, and their administrative capital is at Port Blair. For 10 points,
give the collective name of these Bengalese islands whose inhabitants were studied in a work of Alfred RadcliffeBrown.
ANSWER: Andaman Islands
18. The dyadic product is a variety of the outer product whose result is one of these. A convenient invariant
used for these objects is the trace, which is defined as the sum of its eigenvalues, and the covariance and
contravariance of these objects gives rise to the superscripts and subscripts used to notate them, and the (*)
Levi-Civita symbol is a representation of the permutation in this form. Their order is given by the number of unique
indices in a term, while repeated indices within a term are summed by the conventions of Einstein notation. Those of
the second order always possess a determinant because they must be square, while zeroth order ones are scalars and
first order ones are vectors. For 10 points, name these generalizations of scalar and vector quantities to higher
dimensions that are studied in a namesake calculus.
ANSWER: tensor
19. This thinker attempted to unite how sensory stimuli and motor responses were viewed in his article "The
Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology." In one work, he attacks Walter Lippman's view that the citizens of a
democracy do not really possess any power because, despite the destracting influence of technology, they can
form "local communities," while in another work he outlined his views on aesthetics by claiming that it is the
entire process and the thought that goes into creating works of (*) art that is what makes them great. In addition
to The Public and its Problems and Art as Experience, he advocated a scientific method of acquiring knowledge in
his magnum opus, which tried to balance the emphasis on the individul and the emphasis on the society within the
context of learning. For 10 points, name this American philosopher who wrote Democracy and Education.
ANSWER: John Dewey
20. Early in this man's career, he became ostracized after he testified against Winfield Scott during a courtmartial for insubordination regarding Gideon Pillow. His later years of command saw him lead Union forces
at the Battle of Lookout Mountain. During the Peninsular Campaign, he was in charge of the 2nd Division of
the III Corps, while during the Battle of Fredericksburg he commanded the (*) Center Grand Division that
participated in the failed attack on Marye’s Heights. After that battle he replaced Burnside as commander of the
Army of the Potomac. For ten points, name this Civil War general who was struck unconcsious by a cannonball
during his 1863 defeat at Chancellorsville and whose nickname does not suggest that a group of prostitutes followed
his army.
ANSWER: General Joseph “Fighting Joe” Hooker
BONUSES
1. It is the analog of the Tully-Fisher relation for elliptical galaxies, FTPE:
[10] Name this formula that can be used to calculate luminosity given a galaxy's dispersion velocity.
ANSWER: Faber-Jackson relation
[10] Luminosity also appears on this diagram when it is plotted against a star's temperature. Over 90% of stars
appear in the "main sequence" diagonal.
ANSWER: Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
[10] This other relationship can be used to determine the lumonisity of elliptical galaxies as well; this time,
however, it is given as a function of the galaxy's effective radius.
ANSWER: De Vaucouleur's Law
2. For 10 points each, name some connected things concerning Egyptian mythology.
[10] This serpent god was one of the few gods that was never worshipped - most likely because his main goal in life
was to prevent the solar boat’s passage across the sky.
ANSWER: Apepi [or Apophis; or Apep]
[10] Apep battled with this solar deity who, in one representation, was worshipped in combination with Amun.
ANSWER: Ra
[10] This Egyptian underworld was the area through which Ra traveled from west to east each night, and where he
waged war with Apepi.
ANSWER: Duat [or Tuat; or Amenthes]
3. Like many great artists, Percy Byshe Shelley didn't receive a lot of notice during his own lifetime. For 10 points
each, well, that doesn't really relate to anything, so give these Shelley works.
[10] One of this sonnet's most awesome lines is "look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!"; it opens by describing
an encounter with "a traveler from an antique land".
ANSWER: Ozymandias
[10] This ode was intended to reflect some of what Shelley observed with his wife while making their way across
Europe, and is believed by some to be the culmination of everything they wrote during that journey. In it, he
concludes that only a select few can express nature as it really is via poetry after comparing the power of the titular
mountain to the power of the human imagination.
ANSWER: Mont Blanc
[10] One of Shelley's most famous claims, that "poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world," can be
found in this essay, which was written in response to his friend Thomas Love Peacock's The Four Ages of Poetry.
ANSWER: A Defence of Poetry
4. For ten points each, name some things about the British monarchy after the death of Cromwell.
[10] The Stuart monarchy was reinstated in the person of this man, who joked upon returning from exile “I never
knew that I was so popular in England.”
ANSWER: Charles II (prompt on “Charles”)
[10] When Charles II showed some Catholic sympathy by issuing the 1672 Declaration of Indulgence, Parliament
responded with these 1673 acts specifying that only Anglicans could hold military and civil offices.
ANSWER: Test Acts of 1673
[10] John Churchill, who would later become the 1st Duke of Marlborough after defecting to William during the
Glorious Revolution, was James II's infantry commander during this rebellion that was defeated at the Battle
Sedgemoor. In its wake, Judge Jeffries instigated the Bloody Assizes.
ANSWER: Monmouth's Rebellion
5. For 10 points each, name Russian rivers.
[10] This river, the world’s ninth longest, forms the border between the Russian Far East and Northeastern China. Its
Chinese name means “Black Dragon River.”
ANSWER: Amur River [accept Heilongjiang or Sahaliyan Ula]
[10] Yaroslavl and Kazan are found on the banks of this long river that drains into the Caspian Sea.
ANSWER: Volga River
[10] Featuring the Lower Tunguska as one of its right tributaries, this river rises in Mongolia and follows a northerly
course to a gulf that shares its name in the Kara Sea.
ANSWER: Yenisei River
6. Its "isopycnic" variety uses a layered sucrose gradient to separate particles based on density, FTPE:
[10] Name this technique, which spins particles in its namesake machine in order to separate them out by size.
ANSWER: centrifugation
[10] The size of particles in a centrifuge is measured by this unit, named for a Swedish chemist, that gives the rate
of sedimentation. It is the "S" in the 60S and 40S subunits of eukaryotic ribosomes.
ANSWER: Svedberg unit
[10] One application of centrifugation is this technique which is used to separate organelles from entire cells and
usually followed by a purification step.
ANSWER: cell fractionation
7. In one of this author's works, Jim Nolan leads a labor strike. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this author of In Dubious Battle who, in another novel, wrote about Danny, Pilon, and other paisanos in
Monterey who infuriate the wine-seller Torelli.
ANSWER: John Steinbeck
[10] John Steinbeck’s novel The Grapes of Wrath centers on this family that includes Ruthie, Winfield and Rose of
Sharon.
ANSWER: Joad
[10] In Steinbeck's East of Eden, this woman marries Adam Trask and gives birth to Caleb and Aron. She crushes
Adam's heart by leaving him to become a prostitute.
ANSWER: Cathy Ames (accept either; also accept Cathy Trask)
8. For 10 points each, name some influential economists associated with a certain university in the windy city.
[10] This economist was one of the first big names in the history of the Chicago School. He distinguished between
randomness with knowable probabilities and randomness with unknowable probabilities in his most influential
work, Risk, Uncertainty and Profit.
ANSWER: Frank Knight
[10] One of many of Frank Knight's students that won the Nobel Prize, this monetarist wrote Capitalism and
Freedom.
ANSWER: Milton Friedman
[10] Although not a student of Knight's, this economist did win a Nobel Prize in 1993. Along with cliometrics, or
the use of quantitative methods in history, he is knwon for his extremely controversial book Time on the Cross,
which sought to dispell the myths that slavery was totally unprofitable and inhumane.
ANSWER: Robert Fogel
9. For 10 points each, name some things about Jewish mysticism, or Kabbalah (and by Kabbalah I don't mean the
bullshit that Madonna calls Kabbalah).
[10] One of the primary focuses of Kabbalah is studying the Pentateuch, or the Biblical books of Moses, which is
known by this name. It comprises the first part of the Tanach.
ANSWER: Torah
[10] This group of books makes up the primary literature of Kabbalah. It first emerged in 13th Century Spain.
ANSWER: Zohar
[10] Kabbalah has some interesting things to say about the nature of God. One teaching concerns this feminine
divine presence of God, roughly similar to Christianity's Holy Spirit.
ANSWER: Shechinah
10. For 10 points each, name these European dynasties.
[10] According to Wikipedia, the Quinotaur - a five-horned, bull-like sea monster - was alleged, by its members, to
be the founder of this dynasty. Immediately preceding the Carolingian Dynasty, Clovis may be its most well-known
member.
ANSWER: Merovingian Dynasty
[10] This dynasty ruled a federation of Magyar tribes and, later, a kingdom. A falcon was recognized as this
dynasty's totemistic ancestor, which was founded by Almos and ended with Andrew III of Hungary.
ANSWER: Arpad Dynasty
[10] This Czech dynasty ruled Bohemia for over 300 years. After the issuing of the Golden Bull of Sicily by
Frederick II of the Holy Roman Empire, Ottokar I, of this dynasty, became Bohemia's first hereditary king.
ANSWER: Premyslid Dynasty
11. This team’s original logo was found to have infringed on a design by Frederick Bouchat, and they won a Super
Bowl thanks to touchdowns from Jermaine Lewis and Duane Starks. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this NFL team, helmed by quarterback Joe Flacco.
ANSWER: Baltimore Ravens [accept either underlined answer]
[10] This veteran quarterback has recently signed as a backup for the Ravens. This West Virginia alum got his first
start following an injury to Jamie Martin in 2002.
ANSWER: Marc Robert Bulger
[10] The Ravens chose Ben Grubbs, a guard out of this school, as their first pick in the 2007 draft. It’s produced
All-Americans like Karlos Dansby and Carlos Rogers.
ANSWER: Auburn University Tigers [accept either underlined answer; prompt on “AU”]
12. For 10 points each, name some things about early republicanism in Chinese history.
[10] This revolt, named after the city in Hubei in which it occurred, became a disaster for the Qing Dynasty when
they failed to take action for weeks, allowing revolutionaries to form a provisional government that soon evolved
into the Republic of China.
ANSWER: Wuchang Uprising
[10] Triggered by the Paris Peace Conference, this event saw massive student demonstrations across Beijing,
including at Tiananmen Square, with the aim of resolving the Shandong problem.
ANSWER: May Fourth Movement (or Wu Si)
[10] This first leader of the Republic of China is known for founding the Kuomintang and formulating a political
philosophy centered on nationalism, democracy, and livelihood, his three principles of the people.
ANSWER: Sun Yat-sen (or Sun Yixian)
13. For 10 points each, name some things about Goethe’s Faust.
[10] In the story, the devil goes by this name and asks not to be called Satan; in the prologue, he wagers with God
for Faust's soul.
ANSWER: Mephistopheles or Mephisto
[10] While Gretchen prays in the church, Mephistopheles takes Faust to this “witches’ sabbath” said to take place
the evening before May 1st.
ANSWER: Walpurgis Night or Walpurgisnacht
[10] In Act 2, Faust and Mephistopheles are led to the “Classical Walpurgis Night” by one of these imaginary
creatures, a miniscule man said to inhabit the sperm.
ANSWER: a homonculus
14. Identify the following about some Renaissance painting techniques, for 10 points each.
[10] This technique’s name comes from the Latin for “smoke”, as the subject appears to be seen through a thin veil
of smoke by blurring the edges of objects in a painting. Leonardo used this technique for the Mona Lisa.
ANSWER: Sfumato
[10] This technique’s name comes from the Latin for “light-dark,” a fitting name since it uses contrasts between
light and dark to display volume.
ANSWER: Chiaroscuro
[10] This technique’s name means “murky” in Latin, and it is essentially heightened chiaroscuro, where darkness
begins to dominate the painting so much so that you can’t see in the shadows. Artemisia Gentileschi used it to great
effect in her version of Judith Beheading Holofernes.
ANSWER: Tenebrism [or Tenebrous]
15. (R)-Thalidomide is a drug that cures morning sickness. Unfortunately, it interconverts with it's teratogenic (S)
form rapidly in vivo, FTPE:
[10] This is an example of what type of mixture which can be resolved by crystallization?
ANSWER: racemic mixture
[10] This term refers to the relationship between the two compounds in such a mixture: they are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other.
ANSWER: enantiomers (accept word form)
[10] Using this method of amino acid synthesis often results in a racemic mixture. It uses potassium cyanide to
form an analogus nitrile which then undergoes hydrolysis.
ANSWER: Strecker amino acid synthesis
16. For 10 points each, name some things about logic.
[10] Including conditional, categorical, and disjunctive varieties, this type of deductive argument, in its general
form, consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.
ANSWER: syllogism
[10] This philosopher discussed syllogisms in his work Prior Analytics; he is also known for his Poetics and
Nicomachean Ethics.
ANSWER: Aristotle
[10] Often understood as an informal syllogism, this type of incomplete argument lacks one of the three parts of the
syllogism. According to Aristotle, most arguments take this form.
ANSWER: enthymeme
17. For 10 points each, name some things about conquistadors.
[10] Perhaps the most famous conquistador, this Spaniard captured the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521, but not
before convincing much of a force under Panfilo de Narvaez, that had been sent to recall him, to join him instead.
ANSWER: Hernan Cortez
[10] In the early 1540s, Francisco de Coronado wandered around what is now New Mexico looking for these
legendary municipalities.
ANSWER: Seven Cities of Gold (accept obvious equivalents, prompt on partial answers like “Seven Cities” or
“Cities of Gold,” do no accept “El Dorado”)
[10] At the same time this Spaniard, who had earlier aided Pizarro during the Battle of Cajamarca, became the first
European to see the Mississippi River.
ANSWER: Hernando de Soto
18. For ten points each, answer some questions about the modification of classical mechanics by special relativity.
[10] Galilean addition of velocities breaks down as the velocities being added approach this upper limit of the
speed of an object with positive mass.
ANSWER: speed of light or c or obvious equivalents
[10] In special relativity this quantity is added to Newton’s formula for momentum. It is defined as the reciprocal
of the square root of the quantity one minus v-squared over c-squared and symbolized by a lowercase gamma. Its
namesake also names a type of contraction with Fitzgerald.
ANSWER: Lorentz factor or Lorentz term or any noun described by "Lorentz"
[10] The Lorentz factor is the derivative of time with respect to this quantity, which is calculated in response to a
reference clock.
ANSWER: proper time
19. A string tremolo in this piece represents daybreak in one of its movements, of which composer Erik Satie said
he "enjoyed the part at quarter past eleven." For 10 points each:
[10] Name this piece subtitled "Three Symphonic Sketches for Orchestra" whose movements include "from dawn to
noon" at the titular location.
ANSWER: La Mer [or The Sea]
[10] Movements in this piano composition by the composer of La Mer include Passepied and Menuet, but it is most
famous by far for the Clair de lune movement.
ANSWER: Suite Bergamasque
[10] This French Impressionist composer wrote La Mer and Suite Bergamasque, as well as Prelude to the Afternoon
of a Faun.
ANSWER: Achille-Claude Debussy
20. For 10 points each, name these characters from Through the Looking-Glass.
[10] Alice is informed that the countryside is laid out like a chess board by this character who impresses her by
being able to run quickly, a representation of her namesake chess piece's ability to move long distances in any
direction.
ANSWER: the Red Queen
[10] After witnessing the battle between the Lion and the Unicorn, Alice encounters this clusmy character who
shares his inventions with her; they include a container that only works when one is hanging upside down.
ANSWER: the White Knight
[10] Alice purchases an egg that turns out to be Humpty Dumpty while in the shop of this character whom the White
Queen transformed into. They take a trip together in a rowboat, and this character is fond of shouting "little crab" at
Alice, to her bemusement, and sews with an extraordinary number of needles at one time.
ANSWER: the sheep