By: Adriana Ramirez
Paras Oad
Yvonne Hernandez
INFORMATION ABOUT THE BRIAN

The brain is the control center for movement,
sleep, hunger, thirst, and virtually every other
activity that people need to survive.
 The brain is a pinkish-gray mass that is
composed of about 10 billion nerve cells. The
nerve cells are linked to each other and together
and are responsible for the control of all mental
functions.
 The brain is divided into three major parts, the
hindbrain (including the cerebellum and the brain
stem), the midbrain, and the forebrain (including
the diencephalons and the cerebrum).
FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN
 The cerebellum is the hind part of
the brain. It is made up of gray,
unmyelinated cells on the exterior
and white, myelinated cells in the
interior. The cerebellum controls
muscular movements and, along
with the midbrain, monitors
posture. It is necessary to the
control of movement of the human
body in space.
 The cerebrum occupies the most
portion of the skull. It is by the largest
part of the brain. It makes up about
85% of the brain's weight. The
cerebrum is split vertically into left and
right hemispheres. It is the thinking
part of the brain. It helps you
remember things.
QICK FACTS ABOUT THE
BRAIN
 Your brain uses 20% of your body's energy,
but it makes up only 2% of your body's
weight.
 Average number of neurons in the brain = 100
billion.
 Your brain generates 25 watts of power while
you're awake---enough to illuminate a light
bulb.
 The hypothalamus, occupying
the rest of the diencephalons,
controls the heartbeat, the body
temperature, and the fluid
balance.
 The medulla oblongata The medulla
oblongata is an enlarged continuation of
the spinal cord extending up into the
"pons" (a large bulge under the brain
stem). controlling reflex activities such as
coughing, gagging, swallowing and
vomiting.
INTERNEURON
 That acts as a link between sensory neurons
and motor neurons. which is entirely in the
central nervous system (i.e. the brain and
spinal cord). it is the basic building block of
the brain. It guides memory, personality,
learning, deciding, and any other thoughts
that our brains can come up with.
Axon- extension from the cell that
carries nerve impulses from the
cell body to other neurons
Gray matter areas of the brain that
are dominated by cell bodies
and have no myelin covering (in
contrast to white matter).
Contains relationship with
neurons that relay information
between the spiral cord and
spinal nerve.
White matter the shiny layer
underneath the cortex that
consists of nerve fibers (axons)
with white myelin sheaths (in
contrast to gray matter).
A large mass of gray
matter deeply inside the
forebrain at the top
portion of the
diencephalon. It relays
information from senses
to appropriate parts of the
cerebrum.
Dendrite
 Carries impulses from neighboring cells.
 Nerve impulse- an electrical signal that travels
along a neuron. Information is carried through the
nervous system in the nerve impulses.
 Nerve-Bundle of nerve fibers that ferries nerve
impulses between the central nervous system and
all parts of the body.
 Stimulant- a drug that temporarily quickens some
vital process in the brain.
Nervous System
Parts of the brain
•Brainstem
•Cerebellum
•Frontal Lobe
•Occipital Lobe
•Parietal Lobe
•Temporal Lobe
Brain Parts and their function
 Nervous system: set of nerves, ganglions and nervous centers that receive
sensory signal. Commands and coordinates vital functions.
Brachial plexus: network of nerves of the arm.
Intercostal nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses between the ribs.
Radial nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses in the area of the radius.
Median nerve: main cord conducting nerve impulses in the upper limb.
Ulnar nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses in the area of the elbow.
Lumbar plexus: network of nerves of the lower back.
Sciatic nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses in the area of the thigh and
lower leg.
Common peroneal nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses along the
inside of the lower leg.
Superficial peroneal nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses of the
muscles and skin of the leg.
Digital nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses of the fingers.
Sacral plexus: network of nerves of the sacrum.
Spinal cord: substance belonging to the nervous system, found in the holes
of the vertebrae.
Cerebellum: nervous centre situated under the brain.
Cerebrum: seat of the mental capacities.
Synapse
 The junction between
two neurons (axon-todendrite) or between a
neuron and a muscle
"nerve impulses cross
a synapse through the
action of
neurotransmitters"
 Synapse are tiny gaps
where the
communication takes
place in the brain.
Disease
 Tumors- Tumors affect the brain and slow down its function
 Cerebral palsy- caused by developmental defect or damage to the
brain at birth
 Multiple sclerosis- disease that affects the brain by making it
weaker. People ‘s muscles lose coordination
 A virus is the poliomyelitis (which causes polio) it may attack the
brain and spinal cord. You can take a shot and prevent from
getting polio
 Neuralgia- Sharp, severe paroxysmal pain extending along a
nerve or group of nerves
 Spina Bifida- defect in which the spinal column is imperfectly
closed so that part of the meninges or spinal cord protrudes
 Meningitis- Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and the
spinal cord
 Huntingtons disease- loss of certain brain cells
Marijuana and the nervous system
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Marijuana affects the nervous system with a lot of things
relaxation
reduced coordination
reduced blood pressure
sleepiness
disruption in attention
an altered sense of time and space...a good reason not to drive or
operate machinery while under the influence
In high doses, marijuana can cause:
 hallucinations
 delusions
 impaired memory
 disorientation.
Nervous System vocabulary
 Central nervous system- main part of the human body which has the
spinal cord and the brain
 Peripheral nervous system- nerves outside the central nervous system
 Somatic nervous system- motor neurons to central nervous system
 Autonomic nervous system- regulates involuntary action like the heart,
intestine and glands
 Neuron- impulse-conducting cells that constitute the brain, spinal
column, and nerves
 Sensory neuron- transmits nerve impulses from a sense organ towards
the central nervous system
 Motor neuron- conveys impulses from the central nervous system to a
muscle, gland, or other tissue
 Synapse- junction across which a nerve impulse passes from an axon
terminal to a neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell
Reflex Response

A somatic reflex
arc is one in which
there is the simplest
possible
arrangement of
elements to permit a
response to stimuli,
and in which the final
element in the chain
is skeletal muscle
Reflex Response