• Technology and the Music Business
• “Freak Dances”
• James Reese Europe and the Castles
• (Early) Jazz as Popular Music
• Dance Music in the Jazz Age
• Latin Dance Music

• Classical training
• West Coast dance bands
• Navy – concert band
• “Symphonic Jazz”
- syncopated dance music
- strict arrangements
• “King of Jazz”
- self-described
- strong marketing
• “White” version of jazz history

San Francisco (1918-19) – syncopated dance orchestra
Ambassador Orchestra
(Atlantic City, NJ) – 1920s
• Top-Notch Arrangers: Ferde Grofé, Fletcher Henderson (!)
• White Jazz Musicians: Bix Beiderbecke, Dorsey Brothers
• 1 st Recordings – 1920 for Victor Talking Machine (RCA)
• “An Experiment in Modern Music” (1924)
Rhapsody in Blue
• Leading Figure through mid-1930s (movies, radio, etc.)
• Over 600 recordings

• Ex. Paul Whiteman-"Whispering" – YouTube
(1 st recording – 1920 -11 weeks as # 1)
• Ex. -
Japanese Sandman - Paul Whiteman and his
Orchestra (1920) (1920 -2 weeks as # 1)
• Ex. -
Paul Whiteman - My Blue Heaven (1927) –
YouTube (1927 – 1 week at # 1)
• Ex. -
Song Of India - Paul Whiteman – YouTube
(1921 – 5 weeks at # 1)
• Ex. -
"China Boy" by Paul Whiteman – YouTube

• Washington, DC
- Black middle class family
- “society” piano
• NYC freelance
• “Washingtonians” (his band)
- Club Kentucky (1923)
• Move to Cotton Club (1924)
- “Jungle Music”
• “Bubber” Miley (trumpet)
- mutes & “growls”
• Textbook Ex., p. 99-100
East St. Louis Toodle-Oo (1927)
HQ - Duke Ellington and his
Kentucky Club Orchestra - YouTube

• Bands w/ Latin-American Musicians in US (late 1920s-30s)
• Don Azpiazú and his Havana Casino Orchestra (NYC, 1930)
• “El Manisero” (“The Peanut Vendor”) [textbook, p. 101-03]
- “Son” tradition mixed w/ “pregón” (street cries)
• Begins “Rumba” (& other Latin) dance craze
• “Clave”
: ||:
1
, (2)
&
, (3),
4
| (1),
2
,
3
, (4) :|| [repeat]
Ex. Don
Azpiazu &
His Havana
Casino
Orchestra - El
Manisero
(The Peanut
Vendor) -
YouTube

• Tin Pan Alley Song Form
• What Were Tin Pan Alley Songs About?
• What Makes a Song a “Standard”?
• Tin Pan Alley and Broadway

•
The Popular Music Business – 1920s-30s
• Influence of Ragtime & Syncopated Dance
• Jewish Immigrants (performers & composers)
- influence of European classical & art music
- Cantors & Music from the Synagogue
• Standard Forms (but variety within)
• Pure Capitalism – Music as “Commodity”
• Synergy with Broadway and (later) Hollywood

Sophie Tucker
"Last of the Red Hot Mamas"
Jack
Benny
“cheap”
Al Jolson
“The World’s Greatest Entertainer”
George Jessel
“Hello Mama”
George
Burns
“Say goodnight
Gracie”
Milton Berle
“Uncle Miltie”

Irving
Berlin
(1888-
1989)
George
Gershwin
(1898-
1937)
Richard
Rodgers
(1902-
1979)
Cole
Porter
(1891-
1964)

• Born Brooklyn, NY
• Mother taught piano (and Walter)
• TPA song plugger
•
1 st songs sold 1915
• Donaldson, Douglas & Gumble (publ.)
• Broadway & Hollywood successes
•
Walter Donaldson - The Official
Website
• “Carolina in the Morning”
• “How Ya Gonna Keep ‘em Down on the Farm”
• “Makin’ Whoopie”
• “My Blue Heaven”
(5 million copies!)
• “My Buddy”
• “My Mammy”
• “Yes Sir That’s My Baby”

• Ex. Gene Austin - My Blue Heaven (1927)
(Textbook, p. 110-12)
• Introduction – “hook”
• Verse (usually 2) – sets the scene
• Refrain – the “tune” remembered
• Song Form (used in the REFRAIN)
A
-
A(‘)
B
– “bridge” or “release” (contrasts)
-
A (“)
• Can vary: AABC, ABCA, ABCD, etc., but 4 equal phrases the norm

• Anything possible, but…..
- “Romance” is biggest…
- …especially for the individual (“I” or “me”)
• “spoken” in the vernacular (everyday speech)
- emphasized by “crooning” (intimate voice)
• Topical References (occasionally)
• “Brother Can You Spare a Dime?” (1931)
• Exs. of Lyrics:
Brother, Can You Spare A Dime? – YouTube
"Life is Just a Bowl of Cherries" (Rudy Vallee, 1931) –
YouTube
Gold Diggers of 1933 - "We're in the Money" - YouTube