To Learn English
English is an subject under our education curriculum. If we want to pass our
exam and move on to our studies under the education system, we need to
learn English.
2013年9月28日星期六
Common Prefixes, Suffixes, and Root Words
Common Prefixes, Suffixes, and Root Words
https://www.msu.edu/~defores1/gre/roots/gre_rts_afx3.htm
The English language has its roots in several languages, including Greek, Latin, and
older forms of English, German, and French. Learning to recognize common roots
and affixes (prefixes and suffixes) will help you build your vocabulary and improve
your ability to make educated guesses about unknown words you encounter in
reading and test-taking situations. Good dictionaries will give you information about
the origins of words. Whenever you look up a new word, make a point of reading this
information. Some of the roots and affixes that appear in a large number of words.
Learning these will enhance your ability to comprehend course readings and learn
new terminology.
Prefix
a, an
ab, abs, a
ad
agere
amphi, ambi
Meaning
without, not
Example
asexual, amoral, anarchy, anhydrous,
Anabaptist, anachronism
apart, away from abnormal, abduct, abductor (muscle),
abscission .See ad in Prefixes,
toward
adhere, adductor (muscle) . See ab in
Prefixessection), adumbrate
act
agent, agency, agenda
anthro
round, both sides amphitheater, amphibian,
ambidextrous, ambivalent
before
antedate, anteroom, antecedent,
anterior
man
anthropology, anthropomorphic
anti
against
antipathy, antitank, anticlimax
aqua
water
aquarium, aqueous
archaios
ancient
ante
archos
audio
archeology, archetype, archaic,
archeozoic
leader, first, chief monarchy, oligarchy, anarchy,
archetype, architect
hear
audiophile, audiometer, auditory
auto
self
automatic, automaton, auto-immune
bi
two
bene
well, favorable
bible
book
bi-partisan, bisexual, biennial, binary,
bicuspid, bivalve
benefit, benevolent, benefactor,
beneficent
bibliography, Bible, bibliophile
bio
life
biology, biography, bio-active
caco
Bad
cacophony
cide
kill
circum
around
constitutus
stand
homicide, parricide, germicidal,
ecocide
circumference, circumlocution,
circumnavigate
constitution, statute
corpus
body
cracy
rule
corpse, corporeal punishment, corpus
callosum
democracy, theocrat, technocracy
credo
belief
credit, (see also roots section)
demos
people
democracy, demographic
di
two, double
dimorphism, dicotyledon, diatomic
dia
across, through
dis
not, apart
dominus
lord
diagonal, dialectic, dialogue,
diagnosis
disperse, disinherit, disenfranchise,
distend
dominant, dominion
dynasthai
be able
dynamic, dynamo, dynasty, dynamite
ego
I, self
ego, egomaniac, egocentric,
epi
upon, over
ex
out
epidermis, epidemic, epigram, epitaph,
epithet, epiphyte, epistasis,
epinephrine, epiphysis
exotic, exterior, extraneous,
extemporaneous, exophalmic,
exogenous, exothermic, exoskeleton
federation, confederate
league, pact
federis (see
also Rootssection)
brother
frater
geo
earth
fraternize, fraternity, fraternal,
fratricide
geology, geography, geocentric,
geomancy
write, record
graph (see
also Rootssection)
mixed, unlike
hetero
graphic, graphite, graphology,
homo
same, alike
idem
the same
heterogeneous, heterosexual,
heterodox, heterodont, hetero atom,
heterocyclic, heterozygous,
homogeneous, homogenized,
homozygous, homolytic fission,
Homo sapiens, homonid, homeostasis
identity, idiopathic, I, individual
ideo
idea
ideology, ideation, ideal
idios
one's own
idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiopathic
in
in
in, im
not
inter
between
legis (lex)
law
incarcerate, incorporate, inculcate,
induction, inductance, indigenous,
indicator, inspiration
incredible, ignoble, inglorious,
inhospitable, infinite, infinitesimal,
immoral
interact, interstellar, interpret,
interstitial
legal, legislature
lexis
word
lexicon, lexicography
liber
free, book
liberty, library, liberal
locus
place
locality, local, circumlocution
macro
large
macroeconomics, macroscopic,
macrophage
maniac, Beatlemania
obsession
mania
(seeRootssection
also)
measure
meter
metronome, speedometer, odometer
(seeRootssection
also)
micro
small
send
mittere, mitto
(seeRootssection
also)
one, single
mono
microscope, micron, micrometer,
microorganism
mission, transmit, remit
monocle, monopoly, monogamy,
monovalent, monomania, monarchy
mortis
death
nomen
name
olig
few
mortician, mortuary, moribund,
morbid
noble, ignominy, nomenclature,
nominal
oligarchy, oligopoly
pater
father
paternal, paternity, patricide
foot
ped
(seeRootssection
also)
around
peri
eat
phage
(seeRootssection
also)
love
philo
pedestrian, pedal, pedicure, podiatrist
peripatetic, periscope, perineum,
peritoneum
phagocyte, phagocytosis
philosophy, philanthropy
phobos
(seeRootssection)
phon
(seeRootssection)
polein
sell
city
polis
(seeRootssection
also)
many
poly
monopoly
political, metropolitan
polygamy, polyphonic, hoi polloi
(seeRootssection
also)
porto
carry
porter, export
post
after
pre
before
post script (p.s.), ex post facto, post
hoc, post-mortem
premier, preview, premium, prescient
pro
before, in favor of project, projectile,
psyche
mind, soul
psychology
publicus
people
public, republic, pub, publican
riparia
river
riparian
scope
examine
microscope, oscilloscope
write
scribo
(seeRootssection
also)
alone
solus
transcribe, scribe, script
subter
under, secret
sin (sys before b,
p, or m)
together, with
subterfuge, subtle, subaltern,
subterranean
synchronize, symphony, sympathy,
syncretic, syncope
tele
distance
telegraph, telephone, teleology
trans
across
transport, transcend, transmogrify
utilis
useful
utility, utilitarian
vide, visibil, vis
see
video, vision, visible
Suffix
solo, solitary
able, ible
Meaning
able, capable
Example
capable, agreeable, edible, visible
ade
result of action
blockade
age
storage, wreckage, damage
al
act of, state of,
result of
relating to
algia
pain
neuralgia, nostalgia, myalgia
an, ian
native of, relating to African, riparian,
ance, ancy
action, process,
state
ary, ery, ory relating to, quality,
place where
possessing a
cian
specific skill or art
action, function
cy
very small
cule, ling
gradual, manual, natural
assistance, allowance, defiance
aviary, bravery, dormitory
magician, physician,
hesitancy, prophecy, normalcy
molecule, ridicule, animalcule, duckling,
sapling
freedom, kingdom, wisdom
dom
quality, realm
ee
one who receives
the action
made of, to make
refugee, nominee, lessee
action, state of,
quality
difference, confidence, urgency, agency
en
ence, ency
silken, frozen, wooden
er, or
one who, that which baker, miller, professor
escent
in the process of
adolescent, senescence, putrescence
ese
Javanese, Japanese, Balinese
ess
a native of, the
language of
action, process,
condition
female
et, ette
small one, group
midget, baronet, sextet, lorgnette
fic
making, causing
scientific, specific
ful
full of
frightful, careful, helpful
fy
make
beautify, fortify, simplify
hood
order, condition,
quality
nature of, like
manhood, adulthood
justice, malice
ine
condition, state,
quality
a thing connected
with or belonging to
relating to, suited
for, capable of
nature of
ion, sion,
tion
act, result, or state
of
cancellation, contagion, infection,
crenellation
ish
origin, nature,
foolish, Irish, clownish, impish
resembling
system, manner,
alcoholism, communism, capitalism,
condition,
characteristic
one who, that which artist, dentist, flautist
esis, osis
ic
ice
id, ide
ile
ism
ist
ite
genesis, hypnosis, neurosis, osmosis
goddess, lioness, actress
metallic, acidic, bucolic, simplistic
fluid, fluoride, bromide
juvenile, senile, purile, missile
feminine, genuine, medicine
ity, ty
nature of, quality of, prelate, Mennonite, dynamite, graphite,
mineral product
Israelite
state of, quality
celebrity, captivity, clarity, poverty
ive
causing, making
abusive, exhaustive, abortive
ize, ise
make
logy
study, science,
theory
like, manner of
emphasize, exercise, bowdlerize,
bastardize, idolize, fanaticize
biology, anthropology, geology, neurology
ly
carelessly, fearlessly, hopelessly
ment
containment, contentment, amendment
ness
act of, state or,
result
state of
nomy
law
autonomy, economy, taxonomy
oid
resembling
asteroid, spheroid, rhomboid, anthropoid
ous
full of, having
gracious, nervous, pompous,
ship
state of, office,
assistantship, friendship, authorship
quality
like, apt, tending to lonesome, lissome, threesome, gruesome
some
tude
carelessness, restlessness
gratitude, aptitude, multitude
ward
state of, condition
of
state of, act,
process, rank
in the direction of
y
inclined to, tend to
cheery, crafty, faulty
ure
Root
culture, literature, rupture, rapture
eastward, downward, backward
Meaning
bitter, sour, sharp
Examples
acerbic, acidity, acrid, acrimony
acu
sharp
acute, acupuncture, accurate
ag, agi, ig,
act
do, move, go
agent, agenda, agitate, navigate,
ambiguous, action
acer, acid,
acri
ali, allo, alter other
alt(us)
high, deep
alias, alibi, alien, alloy, alter, alter ego,
altruism
altimeter, altitude
am, amor
love, liking
amiable, amorous, enamoured
Anni, annu,
enni
year
anniversary, annually, centennial
anthrop
man
anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropy
anti(co)
old
antique, antiquated, antiquity
arch
chief, first, rule
aster, astr
star
aud, aus
hear, listen
archangel, architect, archaic, monarchy,
matriarchy, patriarchy, Archeozoic era
aster, asterisk, asteroid, astronomy,
astronaut
audiology, auditorium, audio, audition,
ausculate
aug, auc
increase
augur, augment, auction
auto, aut
self
automobile, autograph, automatic
belli
war
rebellion, belligerent, casus belli, bellicose
bibl
book
Bible, bibliography, bibliomania
bio
life
biology, biometrics, biome, biosphere
brev
short
abbreviate, brief
cad, cas
to fall
cadaver, cadence, cascade
calor
heat
calorie, caloric, calorimeter
cap, cip,
cept
take
capable, intercept, forceps, capture, except,
reciprocate
capit, capt
head
decapitate, capital, captain, caption
carn
flesh
caus, caut
burn, heat
carnivorous, incarnate, reincarnation,
carnal
caustic, cauldron, cauterize
cause, cuse, cause, motive
cus
move, yield, go,
ced, ceed,
surrender
cede, cess
because, excuse, accusation
cenetri
center
chrom
color
chron
time
concentric, centrifugal, centripetal,
eccentric
chrome, chromosome, polychrome,
chromatic
chronology, chronometer, synchronize
cide, cise
cut down, kill
cit
call, start
homicide, exorcise, germicide, incision,
scissors
incite, citation, cite
civ
citizen
civic, civil, civilian, civilization
clam, claim
cry out
clud, clus,
claus
shut
exclamation, clamor, proclamation,
reclamation, acclaim
include, conclude, recluse, claustrophobia,
occlusion, occult
cognoac,
gnosi
know
recognize, prognosis, cognoscenti,
incognito, agnostic
cord, cor,
cardi
heart
cordial, concord, discord, courage,
encourage
procedure, proceed, cede, concede,
recede, precede, accede, success
corp
body
cosm
universe, world
crat, cracy
rule
corporation, corporal punishment, corpse,
corpulent, corpus luteum
cosmos, microcosm, cosmopolitan,
cosmonaut
autocrat, aristocrat, theocracy, technocracy
crea
create
creature, recreation, creation
cred
believe
cresc, cret,
crease, cru
rise, grow
creed, credo, credence, credit, credulous,
incredulous, incredible
crescendo, concrete, increase, decrease,
accrue
crit
separate, choose
critical, criterion, hypocrite
cur, curs
run
cura
care
current, concurrent, concur, incur, recur,
occur, courier, precursor, cursive
curator, curative, manicure
cycl, cyclo
wheel, circular
Cyclops, unicycle, bicycle, cyclone, cyclic
deca
ten
decade, decalogue, decathlon, decahedron
dem
people
democracy, demography, epidemic
dent, dont
tooth
dental, denture, orthodontist, periodontal
derm
skin
dict
say, speak
doc, dokein
teach
domin
master
hypodermic, dermatology, epidermis,
taxidermy
dictation, dictionary, dictate, dictator,
Dictaphone, edict, predict, verdict,
contradict, benediction
doctrine, indoctrinate, document, dogma,
dogmatic
dominate, dominion, predominant, domain
don
give
donate, condone
dorm
sleep
dormant, dormitory
dox
opinion, praise
orthodox, heterodox, paradox, doxology
drome
run, step
duc, duct
lead
dura
hard, lasting
syndrome (run together), hippodrome
(place where horses run)
induce, seduce (lead aside), produce,
reduce
durable, duration, endure
dynam
power
endo
within
dynamo, dynamic, dynamite,
hydrodynamics
endorse, endocardial, endoskeletal,
endoskeleton, endosperm
equi
equal
equinox, equilibrium, equipoise
erg
work
energy, erg, allergy, ergometer, ergograph,
ergophobia
factory, fact, manufacture, amplification,
confection
fac, fact, fic, do, make
fect
deceive
fall, fals
fallacy, falsify, fallacious
fer
bear, carry
fid, fide,
feder(is)
faith, trust
fila, fili
thread
fin
fix
end, ended, finished final, finite, finish, confine, fine, refine,
define, finale
fix
fix, fixation, fixture, affix, prefix, suffix
flex, flect
bend
ferry, coniferous, fertile, defer, infer, refer,
transfer
confidante, fidelity, confident, infidelity,
infidel, federal, confederacy, semper fi
filigree, filament, filter, filet, filibuster
form
form, shape
fort, forc
strong
flex, reflex, flexible, flexor, inflexibility,
reflect, deflect
influence, fluid, flue, flush, fluently,
fluctuate
form, uniform, conform, formulary, perform,
formal, formula
fort, fortress, fortify, forte, fortitude
fract, frag
break
fracture, infraction, fragile, fraction, refract
gam
marriage
bigamy, monogamy, polygamy
gastr (o)
stomach
gastric, gastronomic, gastritis, gastropod
gen
geo
birth, race, produce genesis, genetics, eugenics, genealogy,
generate, genetic, antigen, pathogen
earth
geometry, geography, geocentric, geology
germ
vital part
germination, germ, germane
gest
carry, bear
congest, gestation
gloss, glot
tongue
glossary, polyglot, epiglottis
glu, glo
lump, bond, glue
glue, agglutinate, conglomerate
grad, gress
step, go
graph, gram
write, written
grat
pleasing
grade, gradual, graduate, progress,
graduated, egress
graph, graphic, autograph, photography,
graphite, telegram
congratulate, gratuity, grateful, ingrate
grav
heavy, weighty
grave, gravity, aggravate, gravitate
flu, fluc, fluv flowing
greg
herd
hypn
sleep
gregarious, congregation, segregate,
gregarian
hypnosis, hypnotherapy
helio
sun
heliograph, heliotrope, heliocentric
hema, hemo blood
here, hes
stick
hetero
different
hemorrhage, hemoglobin, hemophilia,
hemostat
adhere, cohere, cohesion, inherent,
hereditary
heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodox
homo
same
homogeneous, homonym, homogenize
hum, human earth, ground, man
hydr, hydra, water
hydro
humus, exhume, humane
dehydrate, hydrant, hydraulic, hydraulics,
hydrogen, hydrophobia
ignis
fire
ignite, igneous, ignition
ject
throw
deject, inject, project, eject, interject
join, junct
join
juven
young
adjoining, enjoin, juncture, conjunction,
injunction, conjunction
juvenile, rejuvenate
lau, lav, lot,
lut
wash
launder, lavatory, lotion, ablution, dilute
leg
law
legal, legislate, legislature, legitimize
levi
light
alleviate, levitate, levity
liber, liver
free
liberty, liberal, liberalize, deliverance
liter
letters
loc, loco
place
literary, literature, literal, alliteration,
obliterate
locality, allocate, locomotion
log, logo,
ology
word, study, speech catalog, prologue, dialogue, logogram
(symbol representing a word), zoology
loqu, locut
talk, speak
luc, lum, lus, light
lun
macr-, macer lean
magn
great
man
hand
eloquent, loquacious, colloquial,
circumlocution
translucent, luminary, luster, luna (moon
goddess)
emaciated, meager
magnify, magnificent, magnanimous,
magnate, magnitude, magnum
manual, manage, manufacture, manacle,
manicure, manifest, maneuver, emancipate
mand
command
mandatory, remand, mandate
mania
madness
mania, maniac, kleptomania, pyromania
mar, mari,
mer
sea, pool
marine, marsh, maritime, mermaid
matri
mother
matrimony, maternal, matriarchate, matron
medi
mega
half, middle,
between, halfway
great
mem
remember
meter
measure
micro
small
migra
wander
mediate, medieval, Mediterranean,
mediocre, medium
megaphone, megalopolis, megacycle (a
million cycles), megaton
memo, commemoration, memento, memoir,
memorable
meter, voltammeter, barometer,
thermometer
microscope, microfilm, microcard,
microwave, micrometer
migrate, emigrant, immigrate
mit, miss
send
mob, mot,
mov
move
mon
warn, remind
mor, mort
mortal, death
morph
form
multi
many, much
nat, nasc
to be from, to spring innate, natal, native, renaissance
forth
new
Neolithic, nuveau riche, neologism,
neophyte, neonate
nerve
neuritis, neuropathic, neurologist, neural,
neurotic
law, order
autonomy, astronomy, gastronomy,
economy
name
nomenclature, nominate, ignominious
neo
neur
nom
nomen,
nomin
nov
new
emit, remit, submit, admit, commit, permit,
transmit, omit, intermittent, mission,
missile
mobile, motionless, motor
monument, admonition, monitor,
premonition
mortal, immortal, mortality, mortician,
mortuary
amorphous, dimorphic, metamorphosis,
morphology
multifold, multilingual, multiped, multiply
novel, renovate, novice, nova, innovate
nox, noc
night
nocturnal, equinox, noctilucent
numer
number
numisma
coin
numeral, numeration, enumerate,
innumerable
numismatics
oligo
few, little
omni
all, every
onym
name
oper
work
ortho
straight, correct
pac
peace
paleo
old
pan
all
pater, patr
father
path, pathy
feeling, suffering
ped, pod
foot
pedo
child
pel, puls
drive, urge
pend, pens,
pond
hang, weigh
phage
eat
macrophage, bacteriophage
phil
love
phlegma
inflammation
philosophy, philanthropy, philharmonic,
bibliophile
phlegm, phlegmatic
phobia,
phobos
fear
phobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia,
aquaphobia, ergophobia, homophobia
phon
sound
phonograph, phonetic, symphony,
homophone, euphonious
Oligocene, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic,
oligarchy
omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent,
omnivorous
anonymous, pseudonym, antonym,
synonym
operate, cooperate, opus
orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic,
unorthodox
pacifist, pacify, pacific ocean
Paleozoic, Paleolithic, paleomagnetism,
paleopsychology
Pan-American, pan-African, panacea,
pandemonium (place of all the demons),
paternity, patriarch, patriot, patron,
patronize
pathos, sympathy, antipathy, apathy,
telepathy
pedal, impede (get feet in a trap),
pedestrian, centipede, tripod, podiatry,
antipode
orthopedic, pedagogue, pediatrics
compel, dispel, expel, repel, propel, pulse,
impulse, pulsate, compulsory, expulsion,
repulsive
pendant, pendulum, suspend, appendage,
pensive
photo
light
plac, plais
please
plu, plur, plus more
breath
pneuma,
photograph, photoelectric, photogenic,
photosynthesis
placid, placebo, placate, complacent
plural, pluralist, plus
pneumatic, pneumonia,
pneumon
pod (see ped)
poli
city
poly
many
pon, pos,
pound
place, put
pop
people
port
carry
portion
part, share
porter, portable, transport, report, export,
import, support, transportation
portion, proportion
pot
power
potential, potentate, impotent
prehendere
seize, grasp
prim, prime
first
proto
first
psych
mind, soul
apprehend, comprehend, comprehensive,
prehensile
primacy, prima donna, primitive, primary,
primal, primeval
prototype, protocol, protagonist,
protozoan, Proterozoic, protoindustrial
psyche, psychiatry, psychology, psychosis
punct
point, dot
reg, recti
straighten
ri, ridi, risi
laughter
punctual, punctuation, puncture,
acupuncture, punctuation
regiment, regular, rectify, correct, direct,
rectangle
deride, ridicule, ridiculous, derision, risible
rog, roga
ask
prerogative, interrogation, derogatory
rupt
break
rupture, interrupt, abrupt, disrupt, ruptible
sacr, sanc,
secr
sacred
sacred, sacrosanct, sanction, consecrate,
desecrate
salv, salu
safe, healthy
salvation, salvage, salutation
sat, satis
enough
satient (giving pleasure, satisfying),
saturate, satisfy
metropolis, police, politics, Indianapolis,
megalopolis, acropolis
polysaccharide, polyandrous, polytheistic
postpone, component, opponent,
proponent, expose, impose, deposit,
posture, position, expound, impound
population, populous, popular
sci, scientia know
sen
old
science, conscious, omniscient,
cognocienti
telescope, microscope, kaleidoscope,
periscope, stethoscope
scribe, scribble, inscribe, describe,
subscribe, prescribe, manuscript
sediment, session, obsession, possess,
preside, president, reside, subside
senior, senator, senile
senescere
to grow old
senescence, evanescent
sent, sens
feel
sequ, secu,
sue
follow
serv
save, serve
sign, signi
sign, mark, seal
simil, simul
like, resembling
sentiment, consent, resent, dissent,
sentimental, sense, sensation, sensitive,
sensory, dissension
sequence, consequence, sequel,
subsequent, prosecute, consecutive,
second, ensue, pursue
servant, service, subservient, servitude,
preserve, conserve, reservation, deserve,
conservation, observe
signal, signature, design, insignia,
significant
similar, assimilate, simulate, simulacrum,
simultaneous
assist, persist, circumstance, stamina,
status, state, static, stable, stationary,
substitute
solo, soliloquy, solitaire, solitude
scope
see, watch
scrib, script
write
sed, sess, sid sit
sist, sta, stit stand
solus
alone
solv, solu
loosen
somnus
sleep
soph
wise
spec, spect, look
spic
sphere
ball, sphere
spir
breath
string, strict draw tight
solvent, solve, absolve, resolve, soluble,
solution, resolution, resolute, dissolute
insomnia, somnambulist
sophomore (wise fool), philosophy,
sophisticated
specimen, specific, spectator, spectacle,
aspect, speculate, inspect, respect,
prospect, retrospective, introspective,
expect, conspicuous
sphere, stratosphere, hemisphere, spheroid
spirit, conspire, inspire, aspire, expire,
perspire, respiration
stringent, strict, restrict, constrict, boa
constrictor
stru, struct
build
sume, sump
take, use, waste
touch
tact, tang,
tag, tig, ting
far
tele
construe (build in the mind, interpret),
structure, construct, instruct, obstruct,
destruction, destroy
consume, assume (to take, to use), sump
pump presumption (to take or use before
knowing all the facts
tactile, contact, intact, intangible, tangible,
contagious, contiguous
tend, tent,
tens
stretch, strain
terra
earth
telephone, telegraph, telegram, telescope,
television, telephoto, telecast, telepathy
tempo, temporary, extemporaneously,
contemporary, pro tem, temporal
tenacious, tenant, tenure, untenable,
detention, retentive, content, pertinent,
continent, obstinate, contain, abstain,
pertain, detain
tendency, extend, intend, contend, pretend,
superintend, tender, extent, tension,
pretense
terrain, terrarium, territory, terrestrial
test
to bear witness
testament, detest, testimony, attest
the, theo
God, a god
monotheism, polytheism, atheism, theology
therm
heat
thesis, thet
place, put
thermometer, theorem, thermal, thermos
bottle, thermostat, hypothermia
antithesis, hypothesis, synthesis, epithet
tom
cut
tort, tors
twist
tox
poison
tract, tra
draw, pull
tom
cut
tort, tors
twist
tox
poison
tempo
time
ten, tin, tain hold
atom (not cuttable), appendectomy,
tonsillectomy, dichotomy, anatomy
torture (twisting to inflict pain) retort,
extort, distort, contort, torsion, tortuous,
torturous
toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin
tractor, attract, subtract, tractable, abstract,
subtrahend
atom (not cutable, smallest particle of
matter), appendectomy, tonsillectomy,
dichotomy, anatomy
torture (twisting to inflict pain), retort,
extort (twist out), distort, contort, torsion
toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin
tract, tra
draw, pull
trib
pay, bestow
turbo
disturb
typ
print
ultima
last
umber,
umbraticum
shadow
umbra, penumbra, (take) umbrage,
adumbrate
uni
one
vac
empty
vale, vali,
valu
strength, worth
unicorn, unify, university, unanimous,
universal
vacate, vacuum, evacuate, vacation,
vacant, vacuous
equivalent, valiant, validity, evaluate, value,
valor
ven, vent
come
ver, veri
true
vert, vers
turn
vic, vicis
change, substitute
convene, intervene, venue, convenient,
avenue, circumvent, invent, convent,
venture, event, advent, prevent
very, aver, verdict, verity, verify,
verisimilitude
avert, divert, invert, introvert, convertible,
reverse, controversy, versatile
vicarious, vicar, vicissitude
vict, vinc
conquer
victor, evict, convict, convince, invincible
vid, vis
see
tractor, attract, traction, subtract, tractable,
abstract (to draw away), subtrahend (the
number to be drawn away from another).
tribute, contribute, attribute, retribution,
tributary
turbulent, disturb, turbid, turmoil
type, prototype, typical, typography,
typewriter, typology, typify
ultimate, ultimatum
voc
call
vol
will
video, evident, provide, providence, visible,
revise, supervise, vista, visit, vision
revive, survive, vivid, vivacious, vitality,
vivisection
vocation, avocation, convocation,
invocation, evoke, provoke, revoke,
advocate, provocative, vocal
malevolent, benevolent, volunteer, volition
volcan
fire
volcano, vulcanize, Vulcan
volvo
turn about, roll
vor
eat greedily
revolve, voluble (easily turned about or
around ortalkative), voluminous,
convolution
voracious, carnivorous, herbivorous,
omnivorous, devour
viv, vita, vivi alive, life
zo
animal
zoo (short for zoological garden), zoology,
zoomorphism (attributing animal form to
god), zodiac (circle of animal
constellations), protozoan