Today is Wednesday,
th
December 16 , 2015
Pre-Class:
Today we are reviewing.
Have your questions ready!
Today’s Agenda
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Review
Review
Diapers?
Review
Review Game Rules
• I will ask a question to the class.
• Each participant (that’s you) writes down the
answer silently.
– Not each group…each individual.
• After a few moments, I will say, “Compare
answers.”
• Each of you will look at what the other wrote.
Review Game Rules
• Did you each get the right answer?
– 2 points.
• Did one of you get the right answer?
– 1 point.
• Neither of you?
– For shame. 0 points.
– And eternal guilt.
Review Game Rules
• The List of Do Nots:
– Do not talk to each other, make noises, gesture,
give answers (my discretion here) between when
the question has been read and when I say,
“Compare answers.”
• Doing so will result in a disqualification for that round.
Don’t believe me? Try it.
– Do not fall asleep when I’m getting scores.
• If you’re not paying attention, I’m not giving you points.
Review Question 1
• When completing a dihybrid Punnett square
and distributing potential allele combinations
across the top and side of the 4x4 square, you
are actually illustrating which of Mendel's
laws?
– The Law of Independent Assortment.
Review Question 2
• A chin cleft (“butt chin”) appears to have at
least some genetic component. However, in
order to even have a hope of a chin cleft, a
person needs to also have genes for a strong
chin (no one with a weak chin seems to have a
chin cleft). This effect is best summarized by
what concept?
– Epistasis.
Review Question 3
• Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism,
whereas acromegaly is a disorder in which
many parts of the body grow too much. Since
these are effectively just one gene each, yet
affect many conditions around the body, this
is considered what kind of gene expression?
– Pleiotropy.
Review Question 4
• What type of mutation process causes Down
syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and other
trisomic/monosomic disorders?
– Nondisjunction.
Review Question 5
• If, during the process of metaphase (or
metaphase I/II), the spindle fibers attach to
the wrong chromosome(s) and thus pull an
incorrect number to each side of the soon-tobe daughter cell, what mutation process has
occurred?
– Nondisjunction.
Review Question 6
• In a cross of XxYYZZ and xxYyZz, what is the
likelihood of an offspring with genotype
xxYyZz?
• 0.5 * 0.5 * 0.5 = 0.125 or 12.5% or 1/8.
Review Question 7
• If you were to inhibit the ability of
kinetochores to form, what phase of
mitosis/meiosis would be most affected?
– Metaphase and Metaphase I/II – when the mitotic
spindle fibers attach to the centromeres at the
kinetochore prior to pulling them apart.
Review Question 8
• BONUS NON-BIOLOGY QUESTION
• You may wager any/all of your points.
• Category: The Internet
• Created by the original owners of the site,
what was the name of the first video uploaded
to YouTube?
– “me at the zoo”
Review Question 9
• Looking through a microscope, you see a cell
with a visible nucleus but no visible
chromosomes. What phase of the cell cycle is
it in?
– Interphase.
Review Question 10
• Plant/fungus cells and animal cells undergo
two different cytokinetic processes. Each one
forms a unique structure or shape prior to
division. What are those two
structures/shapes called?
– Cleavage furrow and cell plate.
Review Question 11
• A challenge to growing cells in culture (in a
lab) is the fact that they often don’t grow very
well even without many neighbors. Instead,
they need very particular surfaces on which to
grow. Cells in culture that don’t divide much,
yet are not in G0, are therefore likely
exhibiting what property?
– Anchorage dependence.
Review Question 12
• During the cell cycle, what regulatory protein’s
concentration rises and falls with each phase?
Which protein maintains a constant
concentration?
– Cyclin concentrations rise and fall; Cdk
concentration remains constant.
Review Question 13
• A chromosome loses a large section of its DNA
during cell division. What TWO mutations
could have occurred?
– Deletion or translocation.
Review Question 14
• Mendel observed seven traits in pea plants
that varied between only two forms. For
example, flowers were either purple or white
but were never pink or spotted. What type of
inheritance is this?
– Complete dominance (or simple inheritance).
Review Question 15
• BONUS NON-BIOLOGY QUESTION
• You may wager any/all of your points.
• Category: The United States
• Pennsylvania is technically a commonwealth, which
doesn’t really mean anything other than suggesting it
has nothing to do with having been a colony. Virginia
and Massachusetts were also colonies at one time and
each are also commonwealths. There is only one other
commonwealth in the United States and it was not a
colony. Which state is it?
– Kentucky.
Review Question 16
• What causes a pair of genes to be considered
linked?
– They’re inherited together/are located near one
another on the same chromosome.
Review Question 17
• If genes aren’t linked, they’re frequently
separate from one another (Law of
Segregation) as a result of which process?
– Crossing over (synapsis).
Review Question 18
• What term is used to describe either the two
resulting nuclei during telophase or the two
resulting cells from mitosis?
– “Daughter.”
Review Question 19
• Two chromatids make a chromosome. Two
chromosomes make a…
– …tetrad, as in what forms during prophase I.
Review Question 20
• A human somatic cell in metaphase has how
many centromeres?
• 46, since there are 46 chromosomes.
Review Question 21
• Suppose a cell prior to meiosis copies its DNA
and now has 10 “units” of DNA. After it
completes meiosis I, the two resulting
daughter cells will have ___ units of DNA.
After they complete meiosis II, they each will
have ___ units of DNA.
• 5; 2.5.
Review Question 22
• Independent assortment occurs in which step
of meiosis?
– Metaphase I.
Review Question 23
• In humans, diploid spermatocytes lead to
haploid sperm which fuse with ova to become
diploid…what?
– Zygotes.
Review Question 24
• BONUS NON-BIOLOGY QUESTION
• You may wager any/all of your points.
• Category: Magic
• What was the cause of death for popular
magician Harry Houdini?
– A punch to the gut. After publicly proclaiming that he
could withstand any punch, an amateur boxer
approached him backstage, surprised him with a
punch, and hit him repeatedly. He died several days
later.
Review Question 25
• Chromatids begin to separate during mitosis
as a result of a surge in concentration of what
protein?
– APC (Anaphase-Promoting Complex)
Review Question 26
• After performing a cross in fruit flies, you find
that a certain trait appears in exclusively male
offspring. What would be the most likely
explanation?
– The trait is X-linked (sex-linked).
Review Question 27
• What’s a Barr body?
– A deactivated X chromosome.
Review Question 28
• Achondroplasia is caused by a dominant allele
and follows a lethal dominant inheritance
pattern – individuals that receive two
dominant alleles often do not survive to birth,
let alone reproduction. If a male with
achondroplasia reproduces with a normal
female, what is the likelihood their second
offspring will also have achondroplasia?
– 50%.
Review Question 29
• A couple has had five female babies in a row
and the mother is now pregnant again. What
is the likelihood she has a girl?
– 50%.
Review Question 30
• Cyclin bonds to Cdk and forms a structure
known as what?
– MPF (maturation promoting factor).
– I will also accept “mitosis promoting factor.”