Boundless Lecture Slides
Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless Teaching
Platform
Boundless empowers educators to engage their students
with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive
teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform
gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in
more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular
titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books,
or make switching to our platform easier by building from
Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned
textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they
need to assign readings and assessments, monitor
student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made
teaching resources.
Using Boundless Presentations
The Appendix
The appendix is for you to use to add depth and
breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and
drop slides from the appendix into the main
presentation to make for a richer lecture
experience.
Get started now at:
http://boundless.com/teaching-platform
Free to edit, share, and copy
Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies
of the Boundless presentations as you like. We
encourage you to take these presentations and
make them your own.
If you have any questions or problems please email:
educators@boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
About Boundless
Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and
accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational
content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless
integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently
at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to
engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools
as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free
and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its
website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with
Boundless, visit boundless.com.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management > Inventory Management
Inventory Management
• Inventory Types
• Inventory Techniques
• ABC Technique
• Seasonal Production
• Impact of Inflation on Inventory Management
• Inventory Costs
• Economic Order Quantity Technique
• Just-in-Time Technique
• Benefits of Inventory Management
• Dangers Involved in Inventory Management
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/finance?campaign_content=book_192_section_129&campaign_term=Finance&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=di
rect&utm_source=boundless
Working Capital Management > Inventory Management
Inventory Types
• 1. Raw materials: Materials and components scheduled for use in making a
product.
• 2. Work in process, WIP: Materials and components that have began their
transformation to finished goods.
• 3. Finished goods: Goods ready for sale to customers.
• 4. Goods for resale - returned goods that are salable.
Manufacturing process
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/working-capital-management-18/inventory-management-129/inventory-types523-
Working Capital Management > Inventory Management
Inventory Techniques
• FIFO stands for first-in, first-out, meaning that the oldest inventory items are
recorded as sold first but do not necessarily mean that the exact oldest physical
object has been tracked and sold.
• LIFO stands for last-in, first-out, meaning that the most recently produced items
are recorded as sold first.
• Average cost method takes the weighted average of all units available for sale
during the accounting period and then uses that average cost to determine the
value of COGS and ending inventory.
Inventory
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/working-capital-management-18/inventory-management-129/inventorytechniques-524-
Working Capital Management > Inventory Management
ABC Technique
• A items: very tight control and accurate records; B items: less tightly controlled
and good records; C items: simplest controls possible and minimal records.
• The ABC analysis provides a mechanism for identifying items that will have a
significant impact on overall inventory cost, while also providing a mechanism for
identifying different categories of stock that will require different management and
controls.
• The ABC analysis suggests that inventories of an organization are not of equal
value.
ABC analysis
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/working-capital-management-18/inventory-management-129/abc-technique525-
Working Capital Management > Inventory Management
Seasonal Production
• Inventories are maintained as buffers to meet uncertainties in demand, supply
and movements of goods.
• A company working in a seasonal industry should create a plan based on
historical sales data and other relevant information.
• Companies are also supposed to stock inventory early since there will be other
producers competing for the same production materials during peak period. Early
ordering, in addition, helps the company adjust its inventory demand if necessary.
• It is advisable that a company has healthy cash flow during seasonal peak so that
it can order promptly and easily. This, of course, has to take into consideration the
Inventory management
opportunity cost of holding money.
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/working-capital-management-18/inventory-management-129/seasonalproduction-526-
Working Capital Management > Inventory Management
Impact of Inflation on Inventory Management
• Inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an
economy over a period of time. It reflects an erosion in the purchasing power of
money.
• If inflation is rapid enough, shortages of goods as consumers begin hoarding out
of concern that prices will increase in the future. Therefore, high inflation
encourages companies to keep a high level of inventories.
• The Mundell-Tobin effect also suggests a rise in inventory level in case of high
inflation.
Inflation
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/working-capital-management-18/inventory-management-129/impact-ofinflation-on-inventory-management-527-
Working Capital Management > Inventory Management
Inventory Costs
• There are, in fact, so many things that can vary hidden under this appearance of
simplicity that a variety of 'adjusting' assumptions may be used. These include:
Specific Identification, Weighted Average Cost, Moving-Average Cost, FIFO, and
LIFO.
• Specific identification requires a detailed physical count, so that the company
knows exactly how many of each goods brought on specific dates remained at
year end inventory.
• Weighted Average Cost is also known as AVCO. It takes Cost of Goods Available
for Sale and divides it by the total amount of goods from Beginning Inventory and
Purchases.
Inventory
View on Boundless.com
• Moving-Average (Unit) Cost is a method of calculating Ending Inventory cost.
Assume that both Beginning Inventory and beginning inventory cost are known.
From them the Cost per Unit of Beginning Inventory can be calculated.
• FIFO stands for first-in, first-out, meaning that the oldest inventory items are
recorded as sold first, but do not necessarily mean that the exact oldest physical
object has been tracked and sold.
• LIFO stands for last-in, first-out, meaning that the most recently produced items
are recorded as sold first.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/working-capital-management-18/inventory-management-129/inventory-costs528-
Working Capital Management > Inventory Management
Economic Order Quantity Technique
• Economic order quantity is the order quantity that minimizes total inventory
holding costs and ordering costs.
• EOQ determines the optimal number of units to minimize the total cost associated
with the purchase, delivery, and storage of the product.
• Q* = (DS/H)^1/2 where Q = order quantity, Q*= optimal order quantity, D = annual
demand quantity, S = fixed cost per order, H = annual holding cost per unit.
Economic order quantity
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/working-capital-management-18/inventory-management-129/economic-orderquantity-technique-529-
Working Capital Management > Inventory Management
Just-in-Time Technique
• JIT focuses on continuous improvement and can improve a manufacturing
organization's return on investment, quality and efficiency.
• JIT relies on efficient coordination of elements in the inventory chain.
• There are many benefits of JIT. It improves the flow of goods from warehouse to
shelves, reduces set up time and efficiently uses human resources.
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/working-capital-management-18/inventory-management-129/just-in-timetechnique-530-
Working Capital Management > Inventory Management
Benefits of Inventory Management
• Inventory management is primarily about specifying the shape and percentage of
stocked goods.
• Inventory management leads to optimal inventory levels.
• Management of the inventories, with the primary objective of
determining/controlling stock levels within the physical distribution system,
functions to balance the need for product availability against the need for
minimizing stock holding and handling costs.
• Inventory management can also help companies improve cash flows.
Inventory management
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/working-capital-management-18/inventory-management-129/benefits-ofinventory-management-531-
Working Capital Management > Inventory Management
Dangers Involved in Inventory Management
• Excessive inventory means the firm has idle funds which earn no profits for the
firm. In addition, excessive inventory incurs extra handling and holding costs.
• Inadequate inventory means the firm does not have sufficient raw materials for
production. This also means insufficient ample goods to sell for merchandising
companies.
• Inventory management will be more complicated as moderate inflation and
seasonality get involved.
Inventory control
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/working-capital-management-18/inventory-management-129/dangersinvolved-in-inventory-management-532-
Appendix
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Key terms
• ABC analysis The ABC analysis is a business term used to define an inventory categorization technique often used in materials
management. It is also known as Selective Inventory Control. Policies based on ABC analysis: A ITEMS, very tight control and
accurate records; B ITEMS, less tightly controlled, and good records; and C ITEMS, simplest controls possible and minimal
records.
• ABC analysis The ABC analysis is a business term used to define an inventory categorization technique often used in materials
management. It is also known as Selective Inventory Control. Policies based on ABC analysis: A ITEMS, very tight control and
accurate records; B ITEMS, less tightly controlled, and good records; and C ITEMS, simplest controls possible and minimal
records.
• carrying costs carrying cost refers to the total cost of holding inventory. This includes warehousing costs such like utilities and
salaries; financial costs like opportunity cost; and inventory costs related to perishability, shrinkage and insurance.
• holding cost In business management, holding cost is money spent to keep and maintain a stock of goods in storage.
• holding cost In business management, holding cost is money spent to keep and maintain a stock of goods in storage.
• holding cost In business management, holding cost is money spent to keep and maintain a stock of goods in storage.
• Just in Time Just in time (JIT) is a production strategy that strives to improve a business return on investment by reducing inprocess inventory and associated carrying costs.
• physical capital In economics, physical capital, or just capital refers to a factor of production (or input into the process of
production), such as machinery, buildings, or computers.
• purchasing power Purchasing power (sometimes retroactively called adjusted for inflation) is the amount of goods or services
that can be purchased with a unit of currency.
• seasonality Variation with the seasons
• seasonality Variation with the seasons
• supply chain A system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product
or service from supplier to customer.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
• supply chain A system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product
or service from supplier to customer.
• taxable income Taxable income refers to the base upon which an income tax system imposes tax.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Inventory management
Female clerk doing inventory work using a handheld computer in a Tesco Lotus supermarket in Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikimedia. "Clerk inventory." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clerk_inventory.JPG View on Boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Economic order quantity
Economic order quantity function solving for Q.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Economic order quantity." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_order_quantity View on Boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Inventory management
Female clerk doing inventory work using a handheld computer in a Tesco Lotus supermarket in Sakon Nakhon, Thailand.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikimedia. "Clerk inventory." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clerk_inventory.JPG View on Boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Inventory
The inventory costs depend on which method is used.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Flickr. "All sizes | June 8-14, 2011 | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/osseous/5903703724/sizes/m/in/photostream/ View on
Boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Manufacturing process
From raw materials to work in process to finished goods.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikimedia. "MLCC-Manufacturing-Process." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MLCC-Manufacturing-Process.png View on Boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Equation
Equation to determine the minimum point of the total cost curve.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Economic order quantity." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_order_quantity View on Boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Equation 3
Equation solving for Q*
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Economic order quantity." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_order_quantity View on Boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Inflation
Inflation in France in 2002
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikimedia. "Inflation 2002." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inflation_2002.png View on Boundless.com
Working Capital Management
ABC analysis
Actual distribution of ABC class in the electronics manufacturing company with 4051 active parts.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "ABC analysis." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_analysis View on Boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Inventory
Inventories U.S. Army unit badges from a wall of military uniform items
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikimedia. "U.S. Army unit badge inventory." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._Army_unit_badge_inventory.jpg View on Boundless.com
Working Capital Management
ABC techniques
Distribution of ABC class
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "ABC analysis." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_analysis View on Boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Inventory control
Inventory control - inventory cost elements (holding cost, order cost, total)Parameters: Order-cost (C) 10, demand (D) 1000, holding cost (i) 20% (of
price), price (p) 10 => EOQ = 100
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikimedia. "Inventory-Control-Q-IC da." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inventory-Control-Q-IC_da.png View on Boundless.com
Working Capital Management
When a company has begun the manufacturing process on a
good, but it is not yet complete, that item is placed in _____.
A) raw materials inventory.
B) work in process inventory.
C) finished goods inventory.
D) goods for resale inventory.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
When a company has begun the manufacturing process on a
good, but it is not yet complete, that item is placed in _____.
A) raw materials inventory.
B) work in process inventory.
C) finished goods inventory.
D) goods for resale inventory.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Working Capital Management
A company values its inventory by assuming that the most
recently produced items are sold first. This inventory valuation
method is known as ___.
A) FIFO
B) Weighted Average Cost Method
C) Moving Average Cost Method
D) LIFO
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
A company values its inventory by assuming that the most
recently produced items are sold first. This inventory valuation
method is known as ___.
A) FIFO
B) Weighted Average Cost Method
C) Moving Average Cost Method
D) LIFO
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Working Capital Management
A company uses ABC analysis to manage its inventory and it has
just adopted a new product. While this new product is an
important part of the company's sales, it is relatively cheap to
manufacture and is not prone to expiring. It should be ___.
A) an A item.
B) a C item.
C) accounted for separately outside of the current inventory system.
D) a B item.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
A company uses ABC analysis to manage its inventory and it has
just adopted a new product. While this new product is an
important part of the company's sales, it is relatively cheap to
manufacture and is not prone to expiring. It should be ___.
A) an A item.
B) a C item.
C) accounted for separately outside of the current inventory system.
D) a B item.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Working Capital Management
A company that manufactures 4th of July decorations is looking to
improve its inventory management. Which of the following should
it consider as it redesigns its inventory system?
A) It should review its past sales data to determine the pattern of demand
for its goods.
B) It should calculate the lag time in its supply chain.
C) All of these answers.
D) It should analyze its cash flow so it has enough cash to purchase its
stock.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
A company that manufactures 4th of July decorations is looking to
improve its inventory management. Which of the following should
it consider as it redesigns its inventory system?
A) It should review its past sales data to determine the pattern of demand
for its goods.
B) It should calculate the lag time in its supply chain.
C) All of these answers.
D) It should analyze its cash flow so it has enough cash to purchase its
stock.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Working Capital Management
How does inflation influence inventory levels?
A) As inflation increases, inventories tend to decrease.
B) Inflation does not effect inventory levels.
C) As inflation increases, companies lock in their inventories at preinflationary levels.
D) As inflation increases, inventories tend to increase.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
How does inflation influence inventory levels?
A) As inflation increases, inventories tend to decrease.
B) Inflation does not effect inventory levels.
C) As inflation increases, companies lock in their inventories at preinflationary levels.
D) As inflation increases, inventories tend to increase.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Working Capital Management
A company values its inventory by dividing the total cost of goods
available for sale by the sum of the beginning inventory balance
and the total amount of purchases made during the period. This
method is known as ___.
A) Moving-Average Cost.
B) Weighted Average Cost.
C) Specific Identification.
D) LIFO.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
A company values its inventory by dividing the total cost of goods
available for sale by the sum of the beginning inventory balance
and the total amount of purchases made during the period. This
method is known as ___.
A) Moving-Average Cost.
B) Weighted Average Cost.
C) Specific Identification.
D) LIFO.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Working Capital Management
A company has a holding cost per unit of $5. Each order has a
fixed cost of $8 and the annual demand quantity is 150,000 units.
What is the company's optimal order quantity?
A) 1550 units
B) 490 units
C) 693 units
D) 245 units
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
A company has a holding cost per unit of $5. Each order has a
fixed cost of $8 and the annual demand quantity is 150,000 units.
What is the company's optimal order quantity?
A) 1550 units
B) 490 units
C) 693 units
D) 245 units
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Working Capital Management
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using the Just-In-Time
(JIT) inventory system?
A) JIT minimizes the risk of flow interruption.
B) JIT decreases setup time for manufacturing processes.
C) Employees with multiple skills are used more efficiently.
D) There is a smaller chance of inventory breaking or expiring.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using the Just-In-Time
(JIT) inventory system?
A) JIT minimizes the risk of flow interruption.
B) JIT decreases setup time for manufacturing processes.
C) Employees with multiple skills are used more efficiently.
D) There is a smaller chance of inventory breaking or expiring.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Working Capital Management
Which of the following is the primary purpose of inventory
management?
A) To ensure that customers get their product while minimizing inventory
costs for the company.
B) To improve business cash flows.
C) To establish production goals.
D) To monitor the amount of material into and out of stockroom locations.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Which of the following is the primary purpose of inventory
management?
A) To ensure that customers get their product while minimizing inventory
costs for the company.
B) To improve business cash flows.
C) To establish production goals.
D) To monitor the amount of material into and out of stockroom locations.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Working Capital Management
Which of the following statements correctly states a risk
associated with inventory management?
A) Excessive inventory limits the company's growth potential.
B) Inadequate inventory will result insufficient materials for production.
C) All of these answers.
D) Managing inventory is complicated due to factors like inflation and
seasonality.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
Which of the following statements correctly states a risk
associated with inventory management?
A) Excessive inventory limits the company's growth potential.
B) Inadequate inventory will result insufficient materials for production.
C) All of these answers.
D) Managing inventory is complicated due to factors like inflation and
seasonality.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Working Capital Management
Attribution
• Wikipedia. "Inventory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory
• Wikipedia. "Work in process." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_in_process
• Wiktionary. "supply chain." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/supply+chain
• Wikipedia. "Inflation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation
• Wikipedia. "physical capital." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/physical%20capital
• Wiktionary. "purchasing power." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/purchasing+power
• Wikipedia. "ABC analysis." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_analysis
• Wikipedia. "Just in Time." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%20in%20Time
• Wikipedia. "Inventory management." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_management
• Wikipedia. "holding cost." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/holding%20cost
• Wikipedia. "seasonality." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/seasonality
• Wikipedia. "Weighted Average Cost." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_Average_Cost#Weighted_Average_Cost
• Wikipedia. "Moving-Average Cost." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving-Average_Cost#Moving-Average_Cost
• Wikipedia. "Inventory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory#Inventory_management
• Wikipedia. "FIFO and LIFO accounting." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFO_and_LIFO_accounting
• Wikipedia. "Specific Identification." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_Identification
• Wikipedia. "ABC analysis." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC%20analysis
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Working Capital Management
• Wikipedia. "Inventory management." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_management
• Wikipedia. "ABC analysis." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC%20analysis
• Wikipedia. "holding cost." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/holding%20cost
• Wikipedia. "FIFO and LIFO accounting." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFO_and_LIFO_accounting
• Wikipedia. "Average cost method." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_cost_method
• Wikipedia. "taxable income." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/taxable%20income
• Wikipedia. "Economic order quantity." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_order_quantity
• Wikipedia. "holding cost." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/holding%20cost
• Merlot. "Single-period Inventory Analysis." CC BY http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=79931
• Wikipedia. "Seasonal adjustment." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_adjustment
• Wikipedia. "Inventory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory#High-level_inventory_management
• Wikipedia. "seasonality." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/seasonality
• Wiktionary. "supply chain." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/supply+chain
• Wikipedia. "Just in time (business)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_in_time_(business)
• Wikipedia. "carrying costs." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/carrying%20costs
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com