Module 06
The Skills
•
What’s Inside
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Reading skills in ESP
Listening to monologue
Listening and speaking skills in ESP
Speaking monologue
Writing skills in ESP
1. Reading skills in ESP
- Text as a Linguistic Object (TALO)
- Text as a Vehicle of Information (TAVI)
(Johns and Davies, 1983)
The reading component of ESP requires a
balance between skills and language
development:
• Selecting what is relevant for the current
purpose
• Using all the features of the text such as
headings, layout, typeface
• Skimming for content and meaning
• Scanning for specifics
• Identifying organisational patterns
• Understanding relations within a sentence and
between sentences
• Using cohesive and discourse markers
• Predicting, inferring and guessing
• Identifying main ideas, supporting ideas and
examples
• Processing and evaluating the information
during reading
• Transferring or using the information while or
after reading
(Alderson, 1984)
2. Listening to monologue
Features of monologue:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Phonology
Speed of delivery
Real time processing
Note-taking in real time
Deducing the speaker’s attitude
The teaching of listening comprehension
3. Listening and speaking skills in ESP
Spoken Interaction in EAP and AOP:
- Active listening
- Questioning
- One to one spoken interactions
- Multi person spoken interactions
4. Speaking monologue
Key features of oral presentations
a. Structuring
b. Voice work
c. Advance signalling or signposts
5. Writing skills in ESP
Teaching writing:
a) The product approach
b) The process approach
c) The social-constructionist approach
d) A synthesis of approach
Module 07
The Skills
•
What’s Inside
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Reading skills in ESP
Listening to monologue
Listening and speaking skills in ESP
Speaking monologue
Writing skills in ESP
1. Reading skills in ESP
Designing and teaching reading courses
a) Selecting texts
b) Using the information that has been gathered
c) Extracting and recoding information
2. Listening to monologue
Micro skills and language (Richards 1983):
1. Identify the purpose and scope of monologue
2. Identify the topic of lecture and follow topic
development
3. Recognise the role of discourse maker
4. Recognize key lexical items related to
subject/topic
5. Deduce meanings of words from context
6. Recognize function or intonation to signal
information structure (ex. Pitch, volume, pace,
key)
3. Listening and speaking skills in ESP
Teaching listening and speaking skills:
Speaking activities : provide a scenario for
interaction whereas learners might find it
helpful to consider first what the features of a
successful interaction would be.
Listening Activities: (in EAP) note-taking and
showing understanding by answering questions
on the content
Showing understanding is achieved through the
use of paraphrasing, summarising and
questioning.
(listening): fill in the blanks, take notes and
answer comprehension questions.
4. Speaking monologue
mostly teaching of oral presentations in
EAP occurs in English-medium situations
with some examples.
5. Writing skills in ESP
What is involved in writing:
- planning
- drafting
- revising