Instructional Objective:
1.Learn different types of reaction
2.Learn about the organic compounds.
3.Learn the different types of hydrocarbons.
Five Types of chemical
reactions
•
•
•
•
Synthesis reaction
Decomposition reaction
Single replacement (Single displacement)
Double replacement (Double
displacement)
• Combustion reaction
To visualize a synthesis reaction look at the
following cartoon:
•
In the cartoon, the skinny bird (reactant) and the worm
(reactant) combine to make one product, a fat bird.
Synthesis reaction
• Also known as composition reaction
• two or more elements or compounds may
combine to form a compound
• Always going to be one product
• Basic form: A + X → AX
• EX. MgO(s) + H2O(l) → Mg(OH)2(s)
• EX. 2P(s) + 3Cl2(g) → 2PCl3(g)
To visualize a decomposition reaction look at the
following cartoon:
•
•
In this cartoon the egg (the reactant), which contained the turtle at one time,
now has opened and the turtle (product) and egg shell (product) are now two
separate substances.
Decomposition reaction
• A single compound breaks down into simpler
compounds.
• Always going to be one reactant.
• Basic form: AX → A + X
• EX. 2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)
• EX. 2NaCl(l) → 2Na(s) + Cl2(g)
Notice, the guy in the orange shirt steals the date of the
other guy. So, a part of one of the reactants trades places
and is in a different place among the products.
Single replacement
• a more active element takes the place of another
element in a compound and sets the less active
one free
• Always going to an element and a compound.
• Basic form: A + BX → AX + B
•
EX. Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) →
metal)
• AX + Y →
•
FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) (Metal replace the
AY + X
EX. Cl2(g) + 2NaBr(aq) →
nonmetal only)
2NaCl(aq) + Br2(l) (nonmetal replaces the
To visualize a double replacement reaction look at
the following cartoon:
Double replacement reaction
• occurrs between ions in aqueous solution .
• occurrs between two compounds.
• Always produce a precipitate (solid) ,a gas or
water
*Basic form: AX + BY → AY + BX
EX. NaCl (aq) + AgNO3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)
EX. HCl(aq) + FeS(s) → FeCl2(aq) + H2S(g)
EX. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) →
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
• Wood as well as many common items that combust are
organic (i.e., they are made up of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen). When organic molecules combust the reaction
products are carbon dioxide and water (as well as heat).
Combustion reaction
• hydrocarbon is react with oxygen.
• Always produce carbondioxide and water .
• Always produce heat, light or sound
• EX. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
• EX. 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) → 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g)
Instructional Objective:
1.Learn about organic and inorganic compounds
2.Learn the different types of hydrocarbons.
Organic Compounds and Polymers
Organic chemistry
• is the study of the properties of the
compounds of carbon
• Organic substances are obtained from
living things.
• A polymer
• is a macromolecule in which all of the
molecules that repeats itself again and
again.
Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that
consist of only C and H atoms.
• include the alkenes, and aromatic
hydrocarbons
• are insoluble in water
• burn in oxygen, carbon dioxide and water
are produced.
• obtained from fossil fuels--coal, petroleum,
and natural gas
A prefix that specifies the number of carbon atoms in
the parent chain is attached to the name ending, -ane.
meth- 1 C
eth- 2 C
prop- 3 C
but- 4 C
pent- 5 C
hex- 6 C
hept- 7 C
oct- 8 C
non- 9 C
dec- 10 C
Hydrocarbon: all have the general formula CnH2n + 2 where
n equals the number of carbon atoms.
*called alkanes group
name
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
MolecularFormula
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
StructuralFormula
CH4
CH3CH3
CH3CH2CH3
CH3(CH2)2CH3
CH3(CH2)3CH3
CH3(CH2)4CH3
CH3(CH2)5CH3
CH3(CH2)6CH3
CH3(CH2)7CH3
CH3(CH2)8CH3