Introduction to the
Skeletal System
Major Functions
•
•
•
•
Support
Protection
Movement
Storage (Minerals- Calcium,
Phosphate)
• Blood cell formation
(hematopoiesis)
Bone Classification
Tissues
Types
• Spongy or
cancellous
– Inside of the bone
it appears as a
network of
needle-like pieces
• Compact
– Dense outer layer
that appears to be
solid or smooth
• Long BonesLimbs
• Short Boneswrist
• Flat Bonesbreastbone
• Irregular Boneship bones or
vertebrae
General Structure of Long Bones
• Diaphysis
• Epiphysis
– (Long Axis of Bone)
– (Bone Ends)
– Periosteum
– Endosteum
– Medullary cavity
(yellow marrow)
– Compact bone
– Articular cartilage
– Red marrow
– Spongy bone
– Epiphyseal Plate
General Long Bone Structure
Bone Markings
Bone Markings
• PROJECTIONS/PROCESSES
– Function: 1) Attachment of muscle
tendon and ligaments
2)Joint formation
– Examples:
• Tuberosity, trochanter
• Head, condyle
Bone Markings (cont.)
• DEPRESSIONS AND OPENINGS
– Functions:
• Depressions allow for attachments
• Openings are passageways for blood
vessels and nerves
– Examples:
Foramen (Round/Oval)
Fossa
Meatus (Canal-like)
Groove
Fissure (Narrow slit-like)
Sinus- (Cavity within bone that is filled with air lines
with Mucous membrane)
Bone Growth