 Bones: Humerus
(Major Upper Arm
Bone), Radius (Lateral
side of forearm), Ulna
(Medial side of
forearm)
 Movements: Flexion
(Biceps), Extension
(Triceps), Supination
& Pronation
Flexion
Extension
Supination
Pronation
 Ligaments: Radial
Collateral Ligament
(RCL), Ulnar Collateral
Ligament (UCL),
Annular Ligament
(Allows for
Pronation/Supination)
 Bursa: Olecranon
Bursa
 One
of the most
frequently injured bursa
 Occurs from an Acute
hit or Overuse Injury
 S/Sx: Pain, Lots of
Swelling, Warmth,
Crepitus (Cracking
Feeling/Sound)
 Tx: RICE, Compression
Wrap to control
swelling, Possible
Aspiration (Draining)
by physician, Padding
 The
Muscles &
Ligaments of the Elbow
may be injured
 Biceps, Triceps, RCL,
UCL
 Grades 1, 2, 3
 Pain in the muscle or
ligament, Swelling,
Loss of ROM
 Tx: RICE, Sling, Refer
for X-Rays
 Tommy
John Surgery
 Tear of Ulnar
Collateral Ligament
(UCL)
 Frequently happens
to baseball pitchers
 EPICONDYLITIS
 Occurs
at the
Epicondyles of the
Humerus
 Lateral Side : Tennis
Elbow
 Medial Side: Pitchers
Elbow
 Overuse Injury, from
repeated wrist
Flexion & Extension
 Tennis, Golf,
Throwing, etc.
 S/Sx: Pain
over
“Epicondyles”,
Swelling, Pain during
Movement
 Tx: RICE, Sling,
Ultrasound, Muscle
Stimulation, Bracing,
Rehab
 MOI: FOOSH,
Hyperextension
 Ulna, Radius, or
Humerus Displaced
 May move Anterior,
Posterior, Lateral
 Also involves tearing
of muscles, tendons,
ligaments
 S/Sx: Severe
Pain,
Disability, Loss of ROM
 Tx: RICE, Sling,
Ambulance or Hospital
ASAP
 Reduction
by Physician,
Surgery
 Extensive Rehab
 One
of the most
common forearm
fractures, involves the
DISTAL radius
 What’s “Distal”?
 Causes: Usually
FOOSH, forcing wrist
into hyperextension
 S/Sx: Pain, Deformity,
Swelling
 RICE, Sling or Splint,
X-Rays, Surgery?
 Bones:
 Phalanges
(fingers)
 Metacarpals (hand)
 Carpals (wrist)
 Carpals: Pity The
Little
Student, He Can’t Take
Tests
 Pisiform, Triquetral,
Lunate, Scaphoid,
Hamate, Capitate,
Trapezoid, Trapezium
 Common
in Sports
 MOI: FOOSH, Forced
Flexion or Extension
 S/Sx: Pain, Swelling,
Decreased ROM
 Tx: RICE, Splint or
Sling, X-Rays
 Scaphoid
is one of the
Carpal Bones
 MOI: FOOSH
 S/Sx: Similar
Symptoms to Wrist
Sprain; Pain, Swelling,
Loss of ROM
 Symptom: Pain
in the
ANATOMICAL
SNUFFBOX
 The Scaphoid is
located at the
“bottom” of the
snuffbox, pain in this
area is a good sign of
Scaphoid Fracture
 Treatment: RICE,
Immobilization (Cast or
Splint), X-Rays
 Surgery may be
needed on this if the
blood flow is messed up
by the fracture
 If this bone is not
getting the blood that it
needs, NECROSIS may
occur
 Necrosis: Death of
Tissue
 Hit
to the distal finger
 Fingernail may have
a collection of blood
underneath
 Painful
 Tx: Soak in cold or
ice water to reduce
swelling
 May be drained by
physician
 Caused
by a Direct
Hit to End of Finger
 Common in
Baseball/Softball
 Causes a tear in the
tendon that
“straightens” or
extends the tip of the
finger
 Pain, Swelling,
Discoloration
 Splint, Refer for XRays
 Phalange
bone
“popped” out of
normal alignment
 Splint, keep still, ice,
take to doctor
 Doctor can relocate
finger and check for
fracture