The Social Gospel (Page 521)
• Popularized during the
early 1900’s
• It integrated Christian
ethics into Social
difficulties
• Failed to impact the
urban reform movement
• It brought a moral
commitment to help the
Lower Class citizens to
Progressivism
http://rusplt.ru/society/kak-pervaya-mirovaya-porodilaamerikanskiy-fundamentalizm.html
W.E.B. DuBois (Pages 533-534)
• DuBois opposed Booker T.
Washington’s philosophy
– DuBois believed African Americans
should accept nothing but full civil
rights and a university education
• In 1905 DuBois started the Niagara
Movement with his supporters on
the Canadian side of Niagara Falls
– Four years later in 1909 he created
the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) in conjugation with white
progressives
http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3a53178/
Theodore Roosevelt (Page 539-540)
• Became youngest president
ever when William McKinley
was assassinated in September
of 1901
• He became a supporter of
moderate change
– He wanted to regulate trusts but
not destroy them
– He filed more than 40 antitrust
suits during his presidency
• The Square Deal
– Roosevelt’s ideal which
attempted to provide everyone
with an equal “Square” deal
http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3f06209/
William Howard Taft (Page 543-544)
• Roosevelt’s handpicked successor
– Became president in 1909
• Signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff into
law
– Barely lowered the tariff rates which
angered progressives
• Taft refused to do what Roosevelt
wanted
– Split the Republican Party
– Roosevelt created the Bull Moose
Party and ran for President again
against Taft
– Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) was
elected
http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3f06279/
Roosevelt Corollary (Pages 554-555)
• In 1904 Roosevelt created a
corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine
• It stated the US had the right
to intervene in Latin American
countries domestic affairs if
they could not govern
themselves in addition to the
right to oppose European
involvement in the Western
Hemisphere
http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/imperialism/southamerica.cfm
106. Panama Canal
•
•
•
•
•
The Panama Canal is widely considered the
most celebrated foreign policy
accomplishment of Theodore Roosevelt’s
presidency.
Roosevelt dispatched secretary of state,
John Hay, to negotiate an agreement with
Colombian diplomats for the construction
of the canal.
– When the Colombian’s began
demanding more money than
Roosevelt was willing to pay, the
United States helped finance and
organize a Panamanian revolution.
– The new Panamanian government
hastily agreed to Roosevelt’s terms.
The Panama canal quickly paid for itself
and became a very lucrative asset for the
US.
Opened in 1914
Pg. 555-556
http://www.everyculture.com/images/ctc_03_img0848.jpg
107. Wilson’s Neutrality (WWI)
• When World War I broke out in
Europe, Woodrow Wilson called on
Americans to remain “impartial in
thought as well as deed”.
– Wilson’s request, however, was
impossible because of the vast
sympathy many Americans had for
Britain.
– The US also did not discontinue
trade with Britain when WWI
began.
• Although America’s stance at the
beginning of the war was neutral, it
was clear that not much was
meant by this claim.
• 1914
• Pg. 560
http://pottswwi.wikispaces.com/Neutrality
108. Pacifists vs. Interventionists
• The issue of whether America
should make military and economic
preparations for war created a
debate between pacifists and
interventionists.
• Wilson appeased to the
interventionists (those who wanted
to go to war) by endorsing a
proposal by American military
leaders for a large increase in
America’s armed forces.
• Supporters of peace still possessed
great political strength, as was
clear at the Democratic Convention
in the summer of 1916.
• 1915- 1916
• Pg. 561
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons
/6/67/His_Best_Customer.jpeg
109. Zimmerman Telegram
• On February 25, 1917, the British
gave Wilson an intercepted
telegram from German foreign
minister, Arthur Zimmerman, to
the government of Mexico. The
telegram, known as the
Zimmerman Telegram, asked for an
alliance with Mexico, if war broke
out between the United States and
Germany.
• Germany promised Mexico the
return of its “lost provinces” in the
North.
• The discovery of the Zimmerman
Telegram infuriated Americans and
significantly increased sentiment
for war, and on April 2nd, Wilson
appeared before Congress and
asked for a declaration of war.
• Pg. 562
http://johnbatchelorshow.com/sites/default/files/images/Zim
merman.jpg
110. Battle of the Argonne Forest
• On September 26th, 1917, an
American fighting force of over
1 million soldiers marched
towards the Germans in the
Argonne Forest.
• By the end of October, the
American Expeditionary Force
assisted in pushing the
Germans back towards their
own border and in cutting
Germany’s supply lines to the
front.
• The Battle of the Argonne
Forest ended the war, and on
November 11, 1918, WWI
officially ended.
• Pg.563-564
http://www.warhistoryonline.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/01/aa-american-gunners-in-argonneforest.gif
111. Trench Warfare
• Faced with the devastating new
war technologies of the 20th
Century, the Allies and the Central
Powers both dug trenches to fight
out of.
• With machine guns,
flamethrowers, tanks, and
poisonous gases, sending troops
out in the open was not possible.
• Trench warfare was the main
reason fighting in WWI was so
horrible.
– Diseases such as shellshock and
trench foot
• Trench warfare was also the reason
the war dragged on for so long.
• 1914-1918
• Pg. 564-564
http://greecesocialstudies.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/a000396
.jpg
112. The League of Nations
•
•
•
•
On January 25th, 1919, Allies voted to
accept Wilson’s most visible triumph at
the Paris Peace Conference, the
creation of the League of Nations, a
permanent international organization
to oversee world affairs and prevent
future wars.
Although the European leaders of the
Paris Peace Conference accepted
Wilson’s League of Nations, Wilson had
no luck gaining acceptance back in the
US.
– Many believed that America should
remain free from foreign
entanglements.
League membership was ultimately
rejected in the United States, despite
vast efforts by Wilson to gain
acceptance.
Pg. 571-572
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/The
_Gap_in_the_Bridge.png
#113 The Red Scare
• Date: 1919-1920
• Pg. # 575
• Description: The Red Scare were the
frightening omens of instability and
radicalism in the 1920’s and the
aftermath of WWI. Many feared the
threat of growing communism in the
world after the USSR announced the
formation of the Comintern, whose
purpose was to instil communism in as
many countries as possible. Many
Americans quickly developed a fear of
communism.
http://fc07.deviantart.net/fs70/f/2010/099/4/4/The_Red_Menace_Is_REAL_by_Hartter.jpg
•
•
•
#114 Great Migration
Date: 1919
Pg. #574-575
Description: In the aftermath of the Great War, the frustration of many African
Americans grew heavily after they were not recognized for their valiant efforts on the
front line. This angered many African Americans and caused many to fight for their
rights. After being duped out of the honors that they deserved many decided to
move out of the South after being enticed by “labor agents” offering free
transportation. The population density of African Americans heavily decreased in the
South and increased much more in the North.
http://www.iaamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/migration.jpg
#115 Stock Market Crash
• Date: Oct. 29, 1929
• Pg. # 603-604
• Description: On Black
Tuesday, all efforts to save the
Stock Market were ineffective
and the market crashed. The
industrial index dropped by
nearly 10% and wiped out the
previous year’s gains. In
months stocks had lost nearly
all of their value and
continued to decline for many
years. Many economists say
the stock market crash was
one of the biggest
contributors to the Great
Depression.
http://blogitudes.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/stock-market-crash-1929.jpg
#116 Great Depression
• Date: 1929-1933
• Chapter 23
• Description: The Great
Depression was one of the
lowest points in American
History. Unemployment rates
reached 20% and living standards
decreased heavily. Many believe
the stock market crash was the
main factor of the Depression,
however many also accredit
President Hoover for it carrying
on so long. The economy did not
get the jump start it needed until
President Roosevelt came along.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/Biz0zjVakkw/T6CdcxZGCzI/AAAAAAAADvE/c9u4TcD6qwQ/s1600/great-depressionsoup-line.jpg
#117 Herbert Hoover
• Dates of Presidency: 1929-1933
• Pg. #598-599
• Description: Herbert Hoover was
elected in 1928 and the President
throughout the Great Depression.
Although it was tough
circumstances, many believe Hoover
did not “do enough” to save the
economy. Hoover did not initiate any
stimulus packages and rarely
attempted to actively save the
economy. Hoover was a very
unpopular president and only served
one term. He lost to President
Theodore Roosevelt in the election
of 1932.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/HerbertHoover.jpg
#118 Bonus Army
• Date: July 1932
• Pg. #622
• Description: In July of 1932,
many WWI veterans were
promised pensions after
returning from the war. Due to
the tough times they
demanded the money
instantly. After the
government could not provide
them the money, they started
a riot as “The Bonus Army.”
President Hoover ordered
General MacArthur to remove
the veterans resulting in the
injury of over 100 marchers.
http://static.flickr.com/55/148327318_b2f21bbdab_o.jpg
#119 Direct v. Indirect Relief
• Date: 1933-1936
• Pg. #629-635
• Description: Direct v. Indirect relief
was the tactic President Theodore
Roosevelt used in an attempt to save
the economy from the Depression.
Direct relief, for example, would be
the Emergency Banking Act where
the government sent money in to
save the banks. Indirect relief
supplied people with the tools to
help themselves get back on their
feet themselves and do the work so
they could be successful such as in
the Civilian Conservation Corps.
http://acontinuouslean.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/ccc_2.jpg
120. Election of 1932
pg. 623-625
In the election of 1932, the Republican Party renominated
Herbert Hoover for second term in office. The Democrats
nominated the governor of New York, Franklin Delano
Roosevelt. At the end of the election, Roosevelt won by a
landslide receiving 57.4% of the popular vote to Hoover’s
39.7%, and Roosevelt carried every state except Delaware,
Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire, and
Maine.
The Election of 1932 illustrated a strong desire for a
change in the United States’ economy. As the people were in
a state of a despair, the Great Depression gave the public new
hopes of selecting a new president since Hoover’s program
directed the United States into a bad situation. A few people
doubted the outcome of the 1932 presidential election.
When President Roosevelt won by a landslide, he provided
his “New Deal” coalition, avoided divisive and cultural issues,
and emphasized the economic grievances. Roosevelt stated,
“I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American
people.”
http://www.public-domain-content.com/pictures/Political_History_Images/fi/0000015c.shtml
121. Fireside Chats
pg. 628
The Fireside Chats were public speeches that Franklin D.
Roosevelt used, during his presidential years, 1933-1944, to
announce and explain in simple terms his programs and
plans to the public through the Great Depression. As the
first president to make use of the radio, Franklin D.
Roosevelt helped boost public confidence in the
administration. As total, President Roosevelt addressed over
thirty speeches broadcast via radio speaking on topics from
banking situations and unemployment updates to
international conflicts occurring in Europe.
The Fireside Chats was a significant way for President
Roosevelt to earn his respect as he reinforced hope back
into the American people. Roosevelt hoped that the
economy would change for the better if he were in the
executive power. Roosevelt was able to win favor from
Americans. Although he was stricken with polio in his legs,
the Fireside Chats made it possible for President Roosevelt
to still be an active and energetic president to the public.
Economically, the Fireside Chats brought a new type of
communication from the president to the citizens and made
an effective use in radio technology, bypassing the
circumstances of yellow journalism and newspapers.
http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/library/history.html
122. New Deal Legislation
Chapter 24
The New Deal legislation was introduced in Roosevelt’s first
“100 Days” in office on March 6, 1933. In the legislation,
Roosevelt persuaded Congress to pass various bills that would
help the economy and public survive through the Great
Depression and, above all, demolish it. The New Deal was
constructed to relieve the population through the
unemployment and stress, to recover numerous industrial and
economic productions that were hit the hardest by the
depression, and to reform programs in order to insure that
another depression like the one present in the 1930s would
never happen again.
The New Deal played a social, economic, and political impact
during the Great Depression. Socially, the New Deal boosted
public morals and helped millions of Americans struggle
through the tough times through either finding jobs or pensions
such as Social Security. Economically, the New Deal helped open
temporary jobs for Americans and to redistribute money into
the economy again. Also, the New Deal put money back into
banks in order to avoid another panic. Politically, the New Deal
was able to get the federal government to be involved in this
whole crisis through the use of deficit spending. Overall, the
New Deal did nothing to end the Great Depression but to keep
the economy from reaching a terrible state.
http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/47373183.png
http://www.siue.edu/~srange/Resources%20FDR.html
123. “100 Days”
pg. 628-634 (Indirectly)
“100 Days” refers to Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first one
hundred days in taking office. From March 6 to June 16,
1933, President Roosevelt had managed to get Congress to
pass numerous events and acts. Events and acts such as the
“bank holiday,” that issued a proclamation of closing all
American banks for four days until Congress could consider
banking reformation, the Emergency Banking Act, a bill
designed to protect larger banks from being corrupted by
lower banks, and many more acts and administrations were
examples that Roosevelt distributed during his first three
and a half months.
The first “100 Days” of Roosevelt in office paved way to
his creation of the “New Deal.” In total, President Roosevelt
passed an incredible fifteen separate bills that either helped
with banking, unemployment, poverty, or economic
improvements. His administration during the hundred days
revolutionized the way the federal government was played
into the economy and people’s lives by restoring faith back
into the public and reforming businesses and banks back
into its normal , economic states.
http://www.earlyword.com/2008/11/18/will-the-real-fdr-book-please-stand-up/
124. Social Security
pg. 639-640
In 1935, Roosevelt constructed the Social Security Act. The
act established several distinct programs and assistances to
elders, either employed or unemployed. The unemployed
could receive $15 in federal assistance. Many working
Americans were incorporated into a pension system that
would provide workers with income and retirement. In
addition, the act created and unemployment insurance
system and federal aid to people with disabilities and
dependent children. The act also provided considerable and
direct assistance based on needs to those who were unable
to support themselves.
The Social Security Act affected and, overtime, modified to
adapt to a changing society. Social Security sought to help the
unemployed of any perspective from injuries or disabilities.
By its creation, the act supported the elderly citizens and
limited poverty, burden, and unemployment gradually
overtime. Social Security provided for the old age an
adequate retirement after work of labor. The act funded to
care for those who cannot take care of themselves. Although
the Social Security act was feared since it did not reach
American needs in the short term, today, Social Security is
still helpful for those who are struggling to earn an adequate
income.
http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1906802_1907092_1906926,00.html
125. Court-Packing Plan
pg. 642-643
The Court-Packing Plan was a legislative initiative proposed
by President Roosevelt in 1937. The plan overhauled the
federal court system by including a provision to add up to six
new justices to the Supreme Court. He claimed that the courts
were overworked and needed additional manpower and
younger men to enable them to cope with their increasing
burdens. But its real purpose was to give President Roosevelt
the opportunity to appoint new justices and change the
ideological balance of the court.
The Court-Packing Plan was proposed by President Roosevelt
because of his concerns against the Supreme Court justice.
Because the court found Roosevelt’s New Deal to be
unconstitutional, the president responded by dismissing the
justices as a threat to constituting the New Deal. Politically, as a
result, both Democrats and Republicans were outraged to see
how Roosevelt distorted the “checks and balances” system
through his powers to appoint the justices out of court without
consent. On this controversial measure, the plan gave President
Roosevelt dictatorial power when the Supreme Court was
overloaded with court cases. In total, seven of nine of the
justices were President Roosevelt’s appoints.
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=125789097
126. Cash-and-Carry/Lend-Lease
pg. 658, 661, 663-664
The Cash-and-Carry was a policy established in 1937. The policy stated
that nations in war could purchase only non-military goods from the
United States and could do so only by paying cash and shipping their
purchases themselves. The cash-and-carry policy was established into the
Neutrality Act of 1935.
The Lend-Lease system was proposed by President Roosevelt for
supplying Britain. It would allow the United States’ government to sell and
to lease armaments to any nations deemed “pivotal to the defense of the
United States.” America could funnel weapons to England on the basis of
no more than their promise to return supplies or soldiers when the war
was over. The bill was enacted by Congress in March 1941.
The Cash-and-Carry policy helped the United States maintain an
isolationist position during the late 1930s and most of early World War II.
By setting up this policy, manufacturers of armaments could sell their
hardware for cash, and the United States could avoid getting entangled in
the war since America had possessed an outstanding debt from warring
countries. For Europe, the policy helped to aid England and France against
Germany. In the long term, the policy became very ineffective. England
became bankrupt from paying too much supplies, and the United States
was kept out of World War II for a limited amount of time. Because of its
failure to supply Britain, the United States replaced the policy with a “LendLease” System.
The Lend-Lease system challenged isolationism in the United States.
Instead of being paid, America decided to supply soldiers to the Allies. In
other words, America was brought more into the conflict of World War II in
a non-combat role. Overall, the system helped the Allies forces win battles.
Other countries such as China and Soviet Union received help from United
States in their own situations. Politically, President Roosevelt felt as if he
conducted an “undeclared war” all over the world in which Americans
would do everything besides being involved in international conflicts or
fighting.
http://worldwariiscrapbook.wikispaces.com/Neutrality+Act+1939+and+Cash+and+carry
http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/LL-AllForOne/index.html
127. Attack on Pearl Harbor Pg. six
hundred sixty-six
• 7:55 on Sunday, December
7, 1941 on Pearl Harbor in
Hawaii
• Over 2,4oo soldiers and
sailors died and another
1,000 were injured
• U.S declares war on Japan
http://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/1/1f/USS
_California_sinkingPearl_Harbor.jpg
128. Holocaust Pg. 674-5
• German genocide of the Jews
• Around 8 million Jews were
killed
• Fueled by the blame of WWI
put on by Hitler
http://gdb.rferl.org/671634515920-4315-A35124C4DF234285_cx0_cy2_cw100
_mw1024_s_n.jpg
129. Battle of Midway Pg. 671
• June 3-6, 1942 on
Midway Island
• Turning point in the
battle for the Pacific
• America destroyed 4
Japanese aircraft
carriers without losing
one of its own
http://www.history.navy.
mil/photos/images/g3100
00/g312018.jpg
130. D-Day Invasion Pg. 688-9
• June 6, 1944 in Normandy,
France
• Dwight E. Eisenhower led
invasion
• Allies land almost 3 million
troops
• Led to the downfall of Vichy
France
http://blog.lbjoramo.com/wpcontent/uploads/2014/02/381
d402fb171b4a1e9e74b7bfac4c
f5b.jpg
131. Battle of the Bulge Pg. 689
• December 16, 1944 in
Bastoge, Germany
• Named after the large
bulge in American lines
• Last major battle on the
western front
• Germany lost 120,000
men
http://upload.wikimedia.or
g/wikipedia/commons/8/8
e/Battle_of_the_Bulge.jpg
132. Battle of Leyte Gulf Pg. 690-1
• October 20, 1944 in
the Philippines
• The largest naval
engagement in history
• America, led by
Chester Nimitz, sank
four Japanese carriers
http://www.history.navy.
mil/photos/images/g280
000/g281660.jpg
ID #133: Battle of Okinawa
p.691, 2nd paragraph
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
June 1945; battle lasted for several
weeks
Okinawa is a Japanese island 370
miles south of the mainland
The Japanese utilized kamikazes in
the battle, sacrificing 3,500 planes
while causing over 50,000 Allied
(primarily US) casualties; the US killed
over 100,000 Japanese soldiers in the
battle
In late June the US took Okinawa
Despite having limited armaments,
Japan still did not capitulate in the
Pacific Theater
Seeing that the same type of costly
fighting would await the US if they
invaded the actual mainland, Truman
would make the decision to use the
first atomic weapon in history in
order to end the war
Therefore, the Battle of Okinawa was
the last battle of the Pacific Theater
in World War Two
•
http://photographyblog.dallasnews.c
om/2012/10/today-in-photo-historyfirst-kamikaze-attack-of-wwiibegins.html/
ID #134: Axis/Allies WWII
pp.659-660, 667
•
•
•
•
Allies formed in 1939; US and USSR joined in 1941.
Axis formed beginning in 1936
The Axis and Allies were the two alliances formed at
the beginning of World War Two; The Axis powers
were Japan, Germany, and Italy, while the Allies
were the United States, France, Great Britain, and
the USSR
How they formed: The Allies came together when
Germany invaded Poland, which caused France and
Britain to declare war on Germany. Later, Hitler
would invade Russia, leading to Stalin declaring war
on Germany and joining the Allies. The US would
officially join the Allies after Japan’s bombing of
Pearl Harbor. The Axis powers first consisted of Italy
and Germany, who claimed they wanted to destroy
the Western world of democracy and capitalism.
Later Hitler argued he wanted to defend the world
from communism by invading Russia. Japan,
wanting to share in the Axis goals and create an
empire of its own, would join the Allies before it
bombed Pearl Harbor.
Their goals: Within the Allies, Britain and the US
had different goals from the USSR. As stated in the
Atlantic Charter, the US and Britain sought no
territorial gains; rather, their war aim was to create
a new world order by destroying the fascist empires
such as Nazi Germany. The USSR hoped to spread
communism while also taking Central European
nations that would serve as buffer states between it
and Germany. However, it would soon adopt the
goal of destroying Nazi Germany. The Axis powers,
as mentioned earlier, sought to create empires
while also “rebuilding” the Western world.
•
http://www.lrwieland.com/msboothe_2002_2003/
US%20History%200203/5th%20Six%20Week%20Period/WWII/WWII%20
presentation/World%20War%20II%20Presentation/
Special%20graphics/
ID #135: Manhattan Project
pp. 691-695
•
•
•
•
•
•
After word spread that Germany had
begun work on an atomic weapon,
the US soon decided to pursue an
atomic bomb as well
As a result, it adopted the
Manhattan Project, a secret project
into which the government poured
$2 billion
There were several sites at which
nuclear chain reactions were tested,
but a laboratory in Los Alamos, NM
was charged with the creation of the
actual atomic bomb
The scientists used plutonium to
create a nuclear reaction within the
confines of a bomb
Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer, it was
completed on July 16, 1945. That day
the first atomic explosion in history
occurred at Alamogordo, New Mexico
The atomic bomb would be used by
Truman on August 6 on Hiroshima
and August 9 on Nagasaki
http://macaulay.cuny.edu/eportfolios/bernstei
n08/category/critics-corner/dr-atomic/
ID #136: Containment Doctrine
pp. 702-703
•
•
•
•
The containment doctrine
established the basis of US foreign
policy during the Cold War
Containment was the Unites States’
response to the growing threat of
communism; essentially, the US
stated that it would work to contain
the further spread of communism
The Truman doctrine, March 12,
1947, made the containment
doctrine official, as in it Truman
stated that the US had the right to aid
nations being unwillingly subjugated
by communism
Containment would lead to conflict
between the US and the Soviet Union
as well as growing fear of subversion
in the United States
•
http://heathenhistory.co.uk/coldwar/
ID #137: Alger Hiss/Rosenberg Case
pp.718-719
•
•
•
•
•
•
Alger Hiss was a member of the US State
Department who was accused of passing
along classified State Department documents
in 1937 and 1938
HUAC investigated the accusations in 1948
and sentenced Hiss to jail for several years
The Rosenbergs were members of the
Communist Party in the US who were
accused of receiving secret information on
the creation of the United States’ atomic
bomb and passing it along to the Soviets,
who had recently created a bomb of their
own
On April 5th, 1951 they were both convicted
and sentenced to death. They were killed by
the electric chair two years later on June
19th, 1953
The episodes of both Alger Hiss and the
Rosenbergs led to a fearful social climate in
the US, one that faced the threat of
communist subversion
http://www.onlinepublishingcompany.info/content/read
_more/complexInfobox/site_news/infobox/elements/te
mplate/default/active_id/2693
http://dingeengoete.blogspot.com/2012/06/this-dayin-history-un-19-1953.html
ID #138: McCarthyism
pp. 719-721
•
•
•
•
Amid the fears of communism in the
United States, Senator Joseph
McCarthy gained power by claiming
to know of 205 communists in the US
State Department
The public quickly came to rally
behind McCarthy for his “fearless”
attacks on the communist threat in
America
Beginning in 1952, McCarthy used his
acclaim to accuse many federal
employees of domestic subversion;
however, he never was able to
produce conclusive evidence of any
actual wrongdoing
His countless accusations without
evidence came to be known as
McCarthyism. Nobody ever spoke
out against him in the fear of being
accused themselves because he had
so much public support
•
http://www.gcsehistory.org.uk/mode
rnworld/usa_civilrights/redscare.htm
Brown v. Board of Education
pg. 746-747
• May 17, 1954: date of court decision.
• This supreme court case was between
the Board of Education of Topeka and the
Browns, an African American family, who’s
daughter had to walk miles to school even
though there was a white school down the
block.
http://colorlines.com/archival_images
/baltimore-integration.jpg
• The decision of the court overturned
the ruling of the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, that racial segregation was
legal because the facilities were separate but equal. This in turn desegregated
schools throughout the country.
• This was a large step forward in race relations in America; however, it led to
racial violence and tensions in the South.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
pg. 747-748, 764-769
• March 1955- April 4, 1968: Montgomery bus boycott to death.
• Martin Luther King, Jr. was a Baptist
pastor from Atlanta, GA who became
the leader of the Civil Rights movement.
• He believed in non-violent protesting
and was a gifted public speaker.
• Montgomery bus boycott gives him
national attention.
• Led the march on Washington in
1963, gave the “I have a Dream” speech.
• Worked with JFK and LBJ to pass civil
Rights legislation.
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• Was assassinated April 4, 1968 in
/52d9d250eab8eab910c10be2/heres-aMemphis, Tennessee.
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
pg. 671, 711, 721-722, 749-755,
• 1942-1960: Military involvement in WWII to end presidency.
• Eisenhower first gained notoriety as a general in
WWII, after he planned and led the D-Day invasion
successfully.
• He was elected president in 1952 and was
reelected in 1956, and ended Democratic Party's
long control of the White House.
• Passed the Highway Act 0f 1956, a $25 billion, ten
year project that built over 40,000 miles of highways.
http://www.magazineusa.co
m/ResV/img/history/dwighteisenhower.jpg
John F. Kennedy
pg.758-775
• 1960- November 22, 1963: Presidency
• Kennedy won the election of 1960, narrowly
beating Richard Nixon.
• Some were skeptical of him because of his
lack of political experience and that he was
Catholic; however, he was mostly accepted
because of his charisma and public speaking skills.
• He helped to further the civil rights movement
and started America’s space program.
• He was assassinated November 22, 1963 in
Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald while riding
In his motorcade.
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ia/commons/5/5e/John_F._Kennedy,
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ing_up.jpg
Lynden B. Johnson
pg. 760-780
• 1960-1968: Vice presidency to end of
Presidency.
• Was sworn into office after the assassination
of President Kennedy.
• Johnson was a career politician and used his
Political know-how to pass legislation such as
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 and Immigration
Act of 1965.
• Became unpopular towards the end of his
presidency because of his unrelenting stance
on the Vietnam War.
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Affirmative Action
pg. 769
• 1965-present
• Affirmative Action is the concept of hiring or
accepting minorities over whites to
demonstrate that ones establishment does
not discriminate.
• Many whites believe that affirmative
action has had a negative effect because now
whites could not have fair chance at getting a
job or getting into a school because minorities
are more likely to be accepted.
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Cuban Missile Crisis
pg. 772-773
• October 14-26, 1962
• U.S. intelligence received aerial
photos of nuclear missiles in Cuba that
America believed to be supplied by the
U.S.S.R. to the Communist government.
• This worried the U.S. because of the
Close proximity of Cuba to the U.S.
• This led to an American Blockade
around Cuba and almost an attack on
http://www.nysun.com/pics/7155.jpg
the Cuban missile bases.
• On October 26 Khruchchev sent a message to President Kennedy saying
that he would remove the missiles from Cuba and the crisis was ended.