EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Charlene Stepney
Your email address: cmstepney@yahoo.com
School: Calverton
Teacher attending from your school (will judge):
Teacher attending from your school (will judge):
Team #1
Division: Novice
Debater 1: TONY JOHNSONDebater 2: DANIEL FLACKTeam #2
Division: Novice
Debater 1: WILLIAM MEREDITHDebater 2: DEVRON DENNISTeam #3
Division: Novice
Debater 1: DE'SHARM HEWITTDebater 2: DONTRELL GRAYTeam #4
Division: Novice
Debater 1: TANIA JOHNSONDebater 2: JAMEISHA GREENTeam # 5
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: ALYCIA JOHNSONDebater 2: MELANY RODRIGUEZ- First time debater
Team #6
Division: Novice
Debater 1: DAYANNA MORRISDebater 2: TY'RECKIA EDMUNDSTeam #7
Division: Novice
Debater 1: CANDACE SMITHDebater 2: Team #8
Division:
Debater 1: -
Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Sofi Martinez
Your email address: gmarti9@students.towson.edu
School: Grove Park
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Sofi Martinez
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Lucas Oliveira
Team #1
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Tiona ThomasDebater 2: Domiontaye SmithTeam #2
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Dominic GatewoodDebater 2: Chayla GatewoodTeam #3
Division: JV
Debater 1: Deon JohnsonDebater 2: Nya GatewoodTeam #4
Division: JV
Debater 1: Andrew DorseyDebater 2: Marcus GatewoodTeam # 5
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Lance LewisDebater 2: Team #6
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #7
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #8
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Charlene Butcher
Your email address: charlene.butcher@thegsb.org
School: The Green School of Balitmore
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): me
Teacher attending from your school (will judge):
Team #1
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Maggie StaudenmaierDebater 2: Christopher WestbrookTeam #2
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Luke CreamerDebater 2: Caleb ClarkTeam #3
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Sade JohnsonDebater 2: Madeline MaguireTeam #4
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Gysele RandalDebater 2: Julia ParkerTeam # 5
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Rita MetsopoulisDebater 2: Hannah KornTeam #6
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Nina NegrinDebater 2: Sam WernsdorferTeam #7
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Ellie CohenDebater 2: Sophie BaumanTeam #8
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Megan Miskowski
Your email address: MeganMiskowski@gmail.com
School: City Springs
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Gerald Loiacono
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Megan Miskowski
Team #1
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Taysharra WomackDebater 2: MaShay GreenTeam #2
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Ronald WingateDebater 2: Devin BradfordTeam #3
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Jayla OwensDebater 2: Keyshawn DeboseTeam #4
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Chelsea GilmerDebater 2: Taishae MohammedTeam # 5
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Daijaine StewartDebater 2: Candice BondTeam #6
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Antoine HollandDebater 2: Derquan BrandTeam #7
Division: Varsity
Debater 1: Dayonah CabeanDebater 2: Morgan KirkmanTeam #8
Division: Varsity
Debater 1: Kaye Marie LumayogDebater 2: Breyana WadeTeam #9
Division: Varsity
Debater 1: Shardai LittleDebater 2: Darren MeredithTeam #10
Division: JV
Debater 1: Sheaira MaddenDebater 2: Breyonna BottomTeam #11
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Dynasty EgglestonDebater 2: Tyriq ElmoreTeam #12
Division: JV
Debater 1: Kendra LeachDebater 2: Ania KeelingTeam #13
Division: JV
Debater 1: Jordin MatthewsDebater 2: Desire DuzantTeam #14
Division: JV
Debater 1: Charisma ColesDebater 2: Destiny WilliamsTeam #15
Division: JV
Debater 1: Zion RhodesDebater 2: Ray Glasgow-
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Megan Miskowski
Your email address: MeganMiskowski@gmail.com
School: City Springs School
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Megan Miskowski
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Gerald Loiacono
Team #1
Division: Novice
Debater 1: De'Aazya CornishDebater 2: Deonna StewartTeam #2
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #3
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #4
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team # 5
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #6
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #7
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #8
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Peter Dent
Your email address: pdent@bcps.k12.md.us
School: Glenmount El/Middle
Teacher attending from your school (will judge):
Teacher attending from your school (will judge):
Team #1
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Jamile Thomas- First time debater
Debater 2: Kyle MaydenTeam #2
Division: JV
Debater 1: Victoria SantoroDebater 2: BJ BairdTeam #3
Division: JV
Debater 1: Jalyn JeterDebater 2: Junay JohnsonTeam #4
Division: JV
Debater 1: Numbi LutebulaDebater 2: Caden NorvilleTeam # 5
Division: JV
Debater 1: Dayshia DeshazoDebater 2: Chasity ReevesTeam #6
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Omario LynchDebater 2: TJ DunlapTeam #7
Division: JV
Debater 1: Juanita DowningDebater 2: Meghan PerryTeam #8
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Sean Little-
Debater 2: Jaleel WitherspoonTeam #9
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Xavier RobinsonDebater 2: AiwaTeam #10
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Amani Johnson- First time debater
Debater 2: Monet Hayes- First time debater
Team #11
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Mija Thomas- First time debater
Debater 2: De'Airicka Johnson- First time debater
Team #12
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Kayla Scott- First time debater
Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Brion Gill
Your email address: mahoganypoets@yahoo.com
School: Lakeland Elementary Middle
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Kamilyah Sudderth
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Coach Larickus
Team #1
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Roderick ShippsDebater 2: Deon SandersTeam #2
Division: Varsity
Debater 1: Jasmine SigneousDebater 2: Deontrey YearginTeam #3
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Kelae LylesDebater 2: Emija ParhamTeam #4
Division: Varsity
Debater 1: Noni AndersonDebater 2: Louis WilliamsTeam # 5
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Tiyon ChapmanDebater 2: AshleyTeam #6
Division: JV
Debater 1: Jahden ReyesDebater 2: Monica MedinaTeam #7
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Jeremy KingDebater 2: Tahera FrazierTeam #8
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Brandon King-
Debater 2: Kelsey Kreuger- First time debater
Team #9
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Resean ChristianDebater 2: Antonio Forman- First time debater
Team #10
Division: Varsity
Debater 1: Seven ThomasDebater 2: Jewoine WilsonTeam #11
Division: JV
Debater 1: Malik HicksDebater 2: Jamar MackellTeam #12
Division: JV
Debater 1: Marquise HarrisDebater 2: Sommorra SumlerTeam #13
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Brian YoungDebater 2: Valerie YoungTeam #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Iman Brickus
Your email address: Iman_Brickus@yahoo.com
School: Tench Tilghman
Teacher attending from your school (will judge):
Teacher attending from your school (will judge):
Team #1
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Carlishia Simmons- First time debater
Debater 2: Davon Moore- First time debater
Team #2
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Ami EdisonDebater 2: Team #3
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #4
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team # 5
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #6
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #7
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #8
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Benjamin Blackburn
Your email address: bblackburn@bitacademy.org
School: BIT Academy
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Benjamin Blackburn
Teacher attending from your school (will judge):
Team #1
Division: Varsity
Debater 1: Cherokee MartinDebater 2: Latia WallaceTeam #2
Division: JV
Debater 1: Seth StirlingDebater 2: Tijanee MatthewsTeam #3
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #4
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team # 5
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #6
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #7
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #8
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Rebecca Adams
Your email address: readams86@gmail.com
School: Hampstead Hill Academy
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Rebecca Adams
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Jonathan Swann
Team #1
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Yasmin PeralDebater 2: Bianca StortoTeam #2
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Angely YupaDebater 2: Michaela KirkTeam #3
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Austin KoryckiDebater 2: Gisele EastonTeam #4
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: J'Diyah SakaDebater 2: Le'Kara HebronTeam # 5
Division: JV
Debater 1: Ethan FranetovichDebater 2: Brandon CastleTeam #6
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #7
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #8
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Kristin Taylor
Your email address: kntaylor@bcps.k12.md.us
School: The Mount Washington School
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Kristin Taylor
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Brandon Pinkney
Team #1
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Michelle SeabergDebater 2: Keihyn GrayTeam #2
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Jamal SchlitzDebater 2: Journey GilliamTeam #3
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Damon BennettDebater 2: Kyndell CharlesTeam #4
Division: Varsity
Debater 1: Carly RedettDebater 2: Mazzy RedettTeam # 5
Division: JV
Debater 1: Kaya StokesDebater 2: Aniya WatkinsTeam #6
Division: Varsity
Debater 1: Stella NassDebater 2: Julian KochTeam #7
Division: JV
Debater 1: Kyla JacksonDebater 2: Team #8
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Paull HubbardDebater 2: Tobias GladdenTeam #9
Division: Novice
Debater 1: DJ ClemonsDebater 2: Ameerah WatsonTeam #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Dinea mahoney
Your email address: dnmahoney@bcps.k12.md.us
School: Harford Heights Elementary
Teacher attending from your school (will judge):
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): YES
Team #1
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Emoni HarrisDebater 2: Brianna JohnsonTeam #2
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Samual MumfordDebater 2: Avontae JonesTeam #3
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Bryanna JacksonDebater 2: Tyanna JacksonTeam #4
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: kaylin LemonDebater 2: Zyhir ShakirTeam # 5
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Davon JonesDebater 2: Team #6
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: kiara RuffinDebater 2: Maurice WilliamsTeam #7
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Desmeira DupreeDebater 2: A'Tajsa JonesTeam #8
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Amaya HeardDebater 2: Ericka MayersTeam #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Julia Kreitzer
Your email address: mrs.kreitzer@gmail.com
School: Maree G. Farring
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Julia Kreitzer
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Katherine Messler
Team #1
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Robert ShafterDebater 2: Renardo TysonTeam #2
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Danny GarciaDebater 2: Team #3
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #4
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team # 5
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #6
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #7
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #8
Division:
Debater 1: -
Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Spencer Hickok
Your email address: skhickok@bcps.k12.md.us
School: Thomas Jefferson E/M
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Spencer Hickok
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Anton Fetting
Team #1
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Dante JoinesDebater 2: Qahhar ToranTeam #2
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Rashaud LumpkinsDebater 2: Jourdan PaytonTeam #3
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Brianna DaleyDebater 2: Lakeya CobrandTeam #4
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Najah BarrettDebater 2: Raquia BazemoreTeam # 5
Division: Novice
Debater 1: George BaezDebater 2: Lance QueensburyTeam #6
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #7
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #8
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Stephanie Petersen
Your email address: spetersen.km@gmail.com
School: Booker T. Washington Middle School for the Arts
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Stephanie Petersen
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Angelique Angrum
Team #1
Division: Varsity
Debater 1: Keontey BrownDebater 2: Kyle SmithTeam #2
Division: JV
Debater 1: Monta'jah CarterDebater 2: Jaquan BellTeam #3
Division:
Debater 1: Bernard Smith- First time debater
Debater 2: Maltrease Smith- First time debater
Team #4
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Tymeika Adams- First time debater
Debater 2: Janae O'Connor- First time debater
Team # 5
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Travon Williams- First time debater
Debater 2: Edward Davis, Jr.- First time debater
Team #6
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #7
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #8
Division:
Debater 1: -
Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: jamison fort
Your email address: jffort@bcps.k12.md.us
School: Baltimore Freedom Academy
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): jamison Fort
Teacher attending from your school (will judge):
Team #1
Division: Novice
Debater 1: James Price- First time debater
Debater 2: Lakira Abraham- First time debater
Team #2
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #3
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Mackalya WilliamsDebater 2: Janiah ButlerTeam #4
Division: Novice
Debater 1: JaiTia Jeter- First time debater
Debater 2: Erin AndersonTeam # 5
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Diona SmithDebater 2: Ke'Asia JefferiesTeam #6
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Reeyona MasonDebater 2: Amera Johnson- First time debater
Team #7
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #8
Division:
Debater 1: -
Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: jamison fort
Your email address: jffort@bcps.k12.md.us
School: Baltimore Freedom Academy
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): jamison Fort
Teacher attending from your school (will judge):
Team #1
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Nya Hopkins- First time debater
Debater 2: Team #2
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #3
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #4
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team # 5
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #6
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #7
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #8
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend:
EMS Tournament #5
Your name: Deidre Reeder
Your email address: diedrewilson@comcast.net
School: Franklin Square
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Deidre Reeder
Teacher attending from your school (will judge): Dr.Kirk Crawley
Team #1
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Alisa BrinkleyDebater 2: Nikah BoykinTeam #2
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Iyana DaviaDebater 2: Ily FordTeam #3
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Damon DavisDebater 2: Dazeem CephasTeam #4
Division: Elementary
Debater 1: Kenneth CooperDebater 2: Kaja BarnesTeam # 5
Division: Novice
Debater 1: Keshawna EdwardsDebater 2: Naveah WilkensonTeam #6
Division: JV
Debater 1: Rodlinda BrinkleyDebater 2: Janae StackhouseTeam #7
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #8
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #9
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #10
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #11
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #12
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #13
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #14
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: Team #15
Division:
Debater 1: Debater 2: -
Please add any additional notes, including special award recommendations and names of student observers who
will attend: