CELL CYCLE
REGULATION & CANCER
NORMAL CELL CYCLE
• Cyclins: proteins
• CDKs (Cyclin dependent kinases):
enzymes
• Cyclins and CDKs bind together
to activate parts of the cell cycle
NORMAL CELL CYCLE
• G1 checkpoint
• G2 checkpoint
• M checkpoint
• If something is
wrong, cycle
will STOP
ABNORMAL CELL CYCLE
• CANCER: when cell cycle
regulations fail
• Crowd out normal cells
• Spend less time in Interphase
ABNORMAL CELL CYCLE
• Apoptosis:cell death( if damaged)
• Cancer: no apoptosis
TUMOR: MASS OF CANCER
CELLS
• TWO TYPES OF TUMORS
• Benign: stays contained
• Malignant: spread to nearby tissue
or other organs
WHY ARE TUMORS BAD?
• Angiogenesis: when tumors get a
blood supply
• nutrients and oxygen go to tumor
WHY ARE TUMORS BAD?
• Metastasis: pieces of tumor travel
through blood to other organs
CAUSES OF CANCER
• Gene Mutations: changes in
genes that control cell cycle
• What causes these mutations?
CANCER CAUSES
• Carcinogens: cancer causing
substances
• EX: tobacco smoke, asbestos
• Radiation
• EX: UV light from sun, X-rays
CANCER CAUSES
• Virus
• EX: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
• Hereditary
• EX: breast
• Sporadic (no reason)
TREATMENTS
• Prevention!!!!!
• Diet, exercise, healthy weight, no
smoking, limit alcohol
• Screenings
• Catch it early!
• Mammograms
• Pap smear
• Colonoscopy
TREATMENTS
• Surgery
• Remove tumor and surrounding
tissue
• Radiation
• Directly kill tumor
• Chemotherapy
• Drug treatment
Incidence Rates:
Male
(From CDC)
Incidence Rates:
Female
Death Rates:
Male
Death Rates:
Female
http://www.bozemanscience.com/what-is-cancer/