End-of-Course Test
Review
Day 1
It was written by Thomas Paine in early
1776, it said that continued American
loyalty to Britain would be absurd, and
independence was the only rational thing
for colonists to do.
Common Sense
This Scottish-born American industrialist
made his fortune in the steel industry.
Andrew Carnegie
These are the nations united against the
Axis during World War II.
Allied Powers
This was a U.S. Supreme Court decision
that established the legality of racial
segregation so long as facilities were
“separate but equal.”
Plessy v. Ferguson
This is a person who is not a citizen of the
state in which they reside.
Alien
This is a method by which the Constitution
may be changed or added to.
Amendment Process
Before she became the second “first lady” of
the United States, she urged her husband
( a major player in writing the Declaration
of Independence at the Second
continental Congress) to “remember the
ladies” and consider the needs and rights
of women as well as of men in forming the
new country.
Abigail Adams
People who fought for emancipation of the
slaves and to end the slave trade.
Abolitionists
This politician from Tennessee became
President following the assassination of
Abraham Lincoln, later becoming the first
President to be impeached (he was found
not guilty).
Andrew Johnson
He was a “founding father”, and author of
the Federalist Papers, the first Sec. of the
Treasury, and the architect of the firs fiscal
plan for the U.S. after the ratification of the
Constitution. However, he is most popular
for losing a duel with Aaron Burr.
Alexander Hamilton
Day 2
This is the first ten amendments to the
constitution, generally directed at
protecting the individual from abuse of
power by the national government.
Bill of Rights
They were a Mesoamerican Indian culture
that was devastated by Cortez and the
Spanish in the 1520s.
Aztecs
This was the alliance of nations that
opposed the Allies in World War II.
Axis Powers
These are laws and regulations designed to
protect trade and commerce from unfair
business practices.
Antitrust
Special laws passed by southern state
governments immediately after the Civil
War. They were designed to control former
slaves, and to subvert the intent of the 13th
Amendment.
Black Codes
This was a delivery of supplies in a German
city to circumvent the Soviet blockade.
Berlin Airlift
The first government of the United States
was based on this, which was created in
1777.
Articles of Confederation
He was a printer, scientist and inventor who
helped write both the Declaration of
Independence and the Constitution.
Benjamin Franklin
This was the classic statement on race relations by
Booker T. Washington, made in a speech at the
Atlanta Exposition (1895). He asserted that
vocational education, which gave blacks a chance
for economic security, was more valuable than
social equality or political office.
Atlanta Compromise
“Sultan of Swat, This baseball great played for the
New York Yankees, “Home Run King” until 1974.
Credited with saving the game of baseball after
the disgrace of the 1919 World Series.
Babe Ruth
Day 3
He was the first man to pilot the first solo
non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in
1927 aboard his airplane, the Spirit of St.
Louis.
Charles Lindbergh
This is the nickname given to black soldiers
with the U.S. Cavalry who helped to
spread the U.S. westward in the decades
following the Civil War.
Buffalo Soldiers
This law, passed in 1882, forbade any
laborers from China to enter the U.S. for
10 years.
Chinese Exclusion Act
This was the solution to the contested
Presidential election of 1876 and
furthermore brought an end to the period
of Reconstruction following the Civil War.
Compromise of 1877
Signed into law by President Johnson, this
bill protected African Americans and
women from job discrimination and any
discrimination in public places.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This is the system of overlapping powers
among judicial, executive, and legislative
branches to allow each branch to oversee
the actions of the others.
Checks and Balances
People who moved to the South during or
following the Civil War and became active
in politics, they helped to bring Republican
control of southern state governments
during Reconstruction and were bitterly
resented by most white Southerners.
Carpetbaggers
This was a name given to the relations
between the U.S. & the Soviet Union in the
second half of the 20th century which saw
the buildup of nuclear arms.
Cold War
During the Great Depression (specifically
1932), this group of veterans protested in
Washington, D.C., to receive their “bonus”
for fighting in World War I, though payment
was not required until the next decade.
Bonus Army
This was an agreement that California would
be admitted to the Union, the slave trade
in the District of Columbia would be
restricted, and the Fugitive Slave Law
would be enforced.
Compromise of 1850
Day4
This was a U.S. social reformer on behalf of
the mentally ill.
Dorthea Dix
This amendment prohibited the sale and use
of alcoholic beverages.
Eighteenth
This is a system of government in which the
people participate directly in making all
public policy.
Direct Democracy
These are Spanish explorers who
conquered native American cultures.
Conquistadores
These are international relations influenced
by economic considerations.
Dollar Diplomacy
This is an advocacy for or work toward
protecting nature from destruction or
pollution.
Environmentalism
Powers specifically given to the government
by the Constitution.
Delegated Powers
Powers that are held by both the federal and
state governments.
Concurrent Powers
This was the system by which the Spanish
government rewarded its governors in the
Americas with title to land and permission
to enslave any natives living on that land.
Encomienda
This is the name given to the general
reduction in the tension between the
Soviet Union and the United States that
occurred from the late 1960s until the start
of the 1980s.
Detente
Day 5
This is a tax on production, transportation,
sale or consumption of a certain good or
service.
Excise Tax
The nickname given to women of the 1920s
who wore their dresses short, their hair
shorter, and lived a very active social life.
Flappers
These are the powers that can only be
executed by the federal government.
Executive Powers
This is the time during which the nation was
free from the influence of European
political and military events.
Era of Good Feelings
This is the branch of government that is
responsible for carrying out the laws.
Executive
This is the movement aimed at equal rights
for women.
Feminist Movement
This was a series of Articles written to
persuade New York to ratify the
Constitution.
Federalist Papers
This system of government has powers
divided between the central government
and regional governments, with central
government being supreme.
Federalism
This was a federally sponsored corporation
which insures deposits in national banks
and certain other qualifying financial
institutions up to a stated amount.
FDIC
This is the central banking authority in the
United States, which supervises
commercial banks by monitoring accounts
and controlling interest rates.
Federal Reserve
Day 6
This was the period during 1920s of
outstanding creativity centered in New
York’s black ghetto.
Harlem Renaissance
This was a religious revival that promised
the grace of God to all who could
experience a desire for it.
Great Awakening
This was the hypothesis that wealth was the
great end of man, the one thing needful.
Gospel of Wealth
Battles between France and England in the
new world resulting in the loss of all
French possessions.
French and Indian War
This was a group of American farmers who
united in the late 19th century to lobby
Congress to pass laws protecting them
from unfair business practices of large
industry.
Grangers
This is an election in which the people
choose from among the candidates
nominated by the various political parties.
General Election
This is the name given to President L.B.
Johnson’s domestic programs, among
them VISTA, Job Corps, Head Start, the
“War on Poverty,” and the Medicare and
Medicaid programs.
Great Society
U.S. Cavalry General whose unwise and
reckless conduct got him and over 200
soldiers of the Seventh Cavalry killed at
the Battle of Little Bighorn.
George Custer
This was a political party that formed after
the civil war, and opposed reduction in the
amount of paper money in circulation.
Greenback Party
A Native American movement in the 1890s
that believed a ritualistic ceremony would
result in the reanimation of Indian dead
and the defeat of the white invaders into
the West.
Ghost Dance
Day 7
This is a tax levied on net personal or
business income.
Income tax
This is a policy of advocating participation in
foreign countries affairs.
Interventionism
They were a South American Indian culture
that was devastated by Pizarro and the
Spanish in the 1530s.
Incas
This granted tribes unsettled western prairie land
in exchange for their territories within state
borders, mainly in the southeast.
Indian Removal Act
This was the act of genocide carried out by
Germany on the Jewish population of Europe.
Holocaust
This was the practice of the British Navy to stop
U.S. ships on the open ocean and force
crewmen into British naval service.
Impressments
Powers that are not expressed but that the
government may be inferred to have from
another power.
Implied Powers
Legislation passed in 1862 allowing any
citizen or applicant for citizenship over 21
years old and head of a family to acquire
160 acres of public land by living on it and
cultivating it for 5 years.
Homestead Act
This was the system sponsored by English
colonies grant land to the person who
purchases passage to the colony from
Europe.
Headright System
Day 8
Laws requiring that facilities and
accommodations, public and private, be
segregated by race.
Jim Crow Laws
This is a policy of nonparticipation in
international affairs.
Isolationism
This was the first permanent English colony
in the New World.
Jamestown
This is the branch of government that is
responsible for interpreting what the law
means.
Judicial
This is the power of a court to review a law
or an official act of a government
employee or agent for constitutionality or
for the violation of basic principles of
justice.
Judicial Review
This was the “Great Chief Justice,” he
presided over the case of Marbury v.
Madison and was remembered as the
principal founder of the U.S. system of
constitutional law.
John Marshall
He was an English soldier and sailor, who is
now remembered helping to establish
Jamestown, the first permanent English
colony in North America.
John Smith
This politician from Mississippi was once
Secretary of War for President Franklin
Pierce, though he is more known for being
the first and only President of the
confederate States of America.
Jefferson Davis
The New York industrialist who made
hundreds of millions of dollars in the 19th
century with this Standard Oil company
and pioneered the corporate strategy of
vertical integration.
John D. Rockefeller
The 35th President of the United States, he
was known for authorizing the failed “Bay
of Pigs” invasion, successfully leading the
country during the “Cuban Missile Crisis,”
and for being assassinated while in Dallas,
Texas, in November of 1963.
John F. Kennedy
Day 9
This was a national conflict in an Asian
country aided by Russia in the North and
the U.S. in the South (1950-1953).
Korean War
This is the branch of government that
creates and makes laws.
Legislative
These are actions of an interest group or
agents to influence the policy of the
governments.
Lobbying
This was written in 1963 to defend the
author’s peaceful civil rights campaign.
King’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail
This was a secret society organized in the
South after the Civil War to reassert white
supremacy by means of terrorism.
Ku Klux Klan
French term which means “allow to do”, the
philosophy that government should stay
out of the market
Laissez-Faire
In 1854 Stephen A. Douglas introduced this
to the Senate, to allow states to enter the
Union with or without slavery.
Kansas Nebraska Act
These explorers ventured into the Louisiana
Territory in 1803 and became the first U.S.
citizens to navigate their way westward to
the Pacific Ocean.
Lewis and Clark
This is a ruling body that is not all powerful, but is
restricted in what it may do by certain rights
guaranteed to the people which may not be
abolished or taken away from the people.
Limited Government
Often associated with confrontational Civil Rights
protest, he was a leader in the Nation of Islam in
the U.S>, an early advocate of “Black Power,”
but became a more moderate voice in the Civil
Rights Movement before his assassination in
1965.
Malcolm X
Day 10
This was the concept of U.S. territorial
expansion westward to the Pacific Ocean
seen as a diving right.
Manifest Destiny
This was a 1200 mile route from Illinois to
Salt Lake City, Utah.
Mormon Trail
This was the first governing document of
Plymouth Colony, signed by the Pilgrims in
November of 1620.
Mayflower Compact
This is an organization of a nation’s armed
forces for active military service in time of
war or other national emergency.
Mobilization
This was an announcement that the
American continents were not subjects for
future colonization by any European
country.
Monroe Doctrine