Unit 7:
Cognition
Mr. McCormick
A.P. Psychology
Essential Question
How do people
process, store, and
retrieve information?
 What are the foundations of
thought, problem-solving,
and language?

Unit 7-A (A):
The Phenomenon
of Memory
Mr. McCormick
A.P. Psychology
Do-Now
(Discussion)
What
What
is memory?
would life be like
without memory?
Clive Wearing:
Living Without Memory
The Phenomenon of Memory

Memory:

The persistence of learning over time through the
storage and retrieval of information
Processes of Memory

Encoding:


Storage:


The processing of information into the memory
system
The retention of encoded information over time
Retrieval:

The process of getting information out of memory
storage
Processes of Memory
Keyboard
(Encoding)
Disk
(Storage)
Sequential Process
Monitor
(Retrieval)
Processes of Memory
 How
have you used the
three parts of your memory system
(encoding, storage, and retrieval)
in learning something new today?
Stages of Memory

Sensory Memory:


Short-term Memory:


The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information
in the memory system
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the
seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the
information is stored or forgotten
Long-term Memory:


The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
memory system
Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
Stages of Memory
Atkinson-Shiffrin’s (1968) Three-Stage Model of Memory:
Stages of Memory

Modifications have been made to the
Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of Memory:
Some information skips the first two stages and
enters long-term memory automatically
 Since we cannot focus on all the sensory information
received, we select information that is important to us
and actively process it into our working memory:


A newer understanding of short-term memory that
focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming
auditory and visual-spatial information, and of
information retrieved from long-term memory
Stages of Memory
 Can
you recite the second sentence of the
Pledge of Allegiance?
 While
this may seem easy at first, upon
reciting the pledge in your head, your
working memory will inform you that
it is actually only one sentence long.
Review

What is memory?

Identify and describe the 3 processes of memory.

Identify and describe the 3 stages of memory.

What was criticized about the Atkinson-Shiffrin
Three-Stage Model of Memory?

What is working memory?
Homework

Unit 7 Key People

Unit 7 FRQ

Research Study Response # 16: “Thanks for the
Memories!” (Pgs. 117-125)

Chapter 9 Outline: “Thinking, Problem-Solving,
Creativity, and Language”