Class 13: Memory 1
Myers: 257-279
July 10, 2006

 Encoding + Storage + Retrieval
 Types of memory
 Types of information processing
 Physiology of memory
 Forgetting
 False Memory

 Definition: The persistence of learning over time through encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
 Flashbulb Memory: A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
- “Capture this!”
- Photographic quality
- Reinforced often
- Not necessarily accurate

 Three stages of information processing

 Encoding
- Processing information in to the memory system
 Storage
- Retention of encoded information over time
 Retrieval
- Process of getting memory out of storage

K 1 P
7 Q 3
9 L S

 Sensory memory:
- Iconic (visual—words or pictures)
- Echoic (auditory)
- Immediate initial recording of sensory information

 Short-term memory
- Limited
- Working memory
- Vision > Audition
- 7 plus or minus 2
- 15-30 seconds unless rehearsed
- E.g. Dialing a phone number
 Long-term memory
- Virtually limitless
- Enduring

 How is the information processed?
 Central
- High motivation, high opportunity
- Effortful and reasoned, mostly by cognition
- Attention to the message
 Peripheral
- Low motivation, low opportunity
- Automatic and unreasoned, mostly by association
- Attention to other cues like attractiveness, music

to forgot supplies to but hurry store and oranges was a but oranges
Jen the she and cleaning grocery went like apples chocolate in

Jen went to the grocery store to buy stuff like apples oranges chocolate and cleaning supplies but she was in a hurry and forgot the oranges

 Meaning
- Nonsense syllables vs. real words
- Strings of words vs. sentences
 Chunking
- Organizing items in to familiar meaningful units
- Mnemonics
- Hierarchies

 The role of rehearsal

 Serial position effects
- Primacy
- Recency

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What caused his amnesia?
What type(s) of memory has he lost?
What are the physiological changes in his brain?