CVHS PHYSICAL EDUCATION
SPRING 2013 – STUDY GUIDE
CHOLESTEROL
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Where is about half the body’s cholesterol manufactured? Liver
What is LDL cholesterol? Low Density Lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)
What is HDL cholesterol? High Density Lipoprotein (good cholesterol)
What is the purpose of cholesterol? Used to make bile that helps in digestion, used to make hormones like estrogen,
testosterone and cortisol, used as a vital component in every cell membrane
How can you keep healthy cholesterol levels? Healthy diet by limiting Saturated fats, Trans fats (hydrogenated oils), &
exercise regularly (increases HDL to help remove plaque)
SPINE
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What benefit does the disk provide to the spine? Cushion
7. What is the top region (neck) of the spine called? Cervical
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Which are key points to proper lifting technique? Feet wide, back flat, head up, do not twist or round the back.
9. What are two of the best ways to prevent back injuries? Use proper lifting technique and strengthen your core
10. When is the likelihood for someone to injure their back increased? Poor posture, being overweight, when their physical
conditioning is poor
CPR / HEIMLICH / ILLNESS PREVENTION
11. What is the ratio of breaths to compressions for adults, children and infants? 30 compressions to 2 breaths.
12. Where on the person’s chest cavity do you perform compressions? Midline / nipple line
13. How long do you perform CPR once you have started? Until help arrives, you physically can’t possibly continue or person
resuscitates
14. Name are possible complications associated with CPR? Vomiting and ribs breaking
15. When is a person required by law to perform CPR? Anytime it is a part of their job description in the state of AZ (ex.
firemen)
16. How deep are the chest compressions for adult= 1 ½-2”, child=1-1 ½”, infant= ½- 1”
17. What is the success rate for CPR? 30%
18. Which are reasons people choose not to perform CPR? Fear of disease (HIV, AIDS), fear (scared), don’t know how.
19. If a person is choking and needs your help, what should you perform? The Heimlich Manuever
20. If you are choking and no one is around to help you, you should: Dial 911 and then attempt to perform the Heimlich
Maneuver on yourself, by using your own fist or using a flat fixed object (like the back of a chair) repeat until object is
expelled.
NUTRITION
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How many times per day should you eat? 5-6
What areas are improved by eating more frequently throughout the day? Digestion, metabolism, utilization of food
What is the suggested portion size? Palm size portions
What is the suggested healthy caloric intake for one day? 1600-2400 calories
Which are considered macronutrients? Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins
What type of fat is bad for you? Trans fats (hydrogenised oil)
What is High Fructose Corn Syrup? Inexpensive sweetener used to make food/drink taste sweet
Why is a complex carbohydrate so good for you? It’s made of simple carbohydrate chains, it’s a slower source of energy
so keeps insulin production low, it’s a longer lasting source of energy
29. Why is fiber so important in your daily diet? Helps to moderate changes in blood sugar levels and insulin levels, reduces
cholesterol levels and reduces risk of coronary artery disease
EATING DISORDERS
30. Name the 3 most common eating disorders? Anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating.
31. What percent of adolescents in the United States are affected by bulimia nervosa? 2 to 3%
32. These following statements about eating disorders are Myths 1) You have to be underweight to have an eating disorder,
2). Only teenage girls / young women are affected, 3) People with eating disorders are vain, 4) eating disorders aren’t
really that dangerous.
33. What is the number of Americans that suffer from eating disorders? 8 million
34. What is the main symptom of bulimia? Vomiting after eating.
HYGIENE
35. What can help you prevent or recover from illness? Increase nutrition and sleep, increase hydration and get outdoors,
ease stress and wash your hands frequently.
36. Name some personal hygiene products that promote health and/or cleanliness? Soap, hair shampoo, toothbrush,
toothpaste, cotton swabs, deodorant, facial tissue, mouthwash, skin cleansers, toilet paper etc.
37. What are some benefits of regularly practicing personal hygiene? Reducing risk of illness, quicker recovery from illness,
great health and sense of well being, social acceptance, and prevention of spread of illness to others.
CANCERS
38. Definition of Cancer? Abnormal growth of cells, usually from one single cell
39. How does someone get cancer? Genetics, cancer- causing agents (ex. tobacco), aging process.
40. Name the two types of tumors. Malignant tumor: cancerous tumor (mass of abnormal cells dividing excessively) and
spreads dangerously to other parts of the body. And Benign tumor: non-cancerous tumors that are usually self contained
and do not spread
41. How does cancer spread? Metastasis is the process where cancerous cells spread through the lymph and blood system to
invade healthy cells.
42. Chemotherapy: powerful chemical drugs used to kill cancerous cells.
43. Radiation: X-rays or radioactive implants used to kill cancerous cells.
44. What is the importance of cancer screening? If detected early there is a better chance it does not spread and a better
chance of successful treatment
45. How common are deaths among American men due to Prostate cancer? 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths in American
men
46. What is a Primary brain tumor? develop initially in brain (may or may not be cancerous)
47. What is a Secondary brain tumor? developed in other areas and spread to brain (always cancerous)
DIABETES
48. Glucose (main energy source for body’s cells) is absorbed from blood from insulin. Person with diabetes the cells cannot
take up enough glucose, and too much remains in the blood, due to lack of insulin
49. Type 1 diabetes: beta cells in the pancreas produce too little insulin or none at all.
50. Type 2 diabetes (ADULT ONSET): pancreas produces insulin but the body is unable to respond to it (result of obesity)
51. How to control Type 2 diabetes: healthy diet, exercise, monitoring blood glucose
HEART DIESEASE
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What is atherosclerosis? Damage to artery walls causing narrowing & stiffening which allows plaque buildup.
What are the major risk factors for heart disease? Smoking, diet high in sat. fats and sugars, lack of exercise, obesity.
What is Angina: severe chest pain caused by inadequate blood supply.
Define Heart attack? Heart is deprived of blood due to blockage in an artery.
What is an angioplasty? Procedure used to open / widen a blocked artery
STROKE
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Define stroke: Damage to brain due to interrupted blood supply.
What are the chances of dying from a stroke? 1 in 5 stroke victims will die.
What are the effects of a stroke: loss of function (one side of body), visual problems, slurred speech, balance issues.
What are treatment options for stroke victims? Surgery, physical therapy, rehabilitation, and drug treatments
What are the two causes of strokes: 1) ruptured artery (in the brain) caused by high blood pressure 2) blocked blood
vessel to the brain.
HYPERTENSION (High Blood Pressure)
62. What are some facts about High blood pressure? Blood pressure above normal limits causing stroke, heart disease, and
kidney failure.
63. Name some factors causing High Blood Pressure. Genetics, smoking, excessive alcohol, obesity, high salt diet, stress
64. What are some treatment options for Hypertension? Healthy diet, exercise, drug treatment (in severe cases)
DRUG ADDICTION
65. How does drug addiction usually begin? Social and casual use of drug
66. What are3 things that happen with drug addiction: 1) casual or social use to feel good, 2) need larger doses then becomes
increasingly harder to go without drug, 3) stopping drug causes intense cravings.
67. What are 3 ways to treat drug addiction? counseling, treatment programs, self-help groups
68. What does drug treatment detoxification consist of? Gradually reducing dose of drug or substituting other drug. Usually
requires hospitalization or residential treatment center.
ALCOHOL ABUSE
69. Why do people use alcohol? They want to feel better or different
70. What are some negative consequences of alcohol abuse? Performance suffers (school / job), dangerous situations arise
(driving under influence), legal issues, increase in social and personal problems, various health issues, family
responsibilities neglected.
TOBACCO
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When do people begin smoking? 90% begin smoking during teenage years
Why is quitting so difficult? Nicotine is as addictive as heroin or cocaine.
What health concerns are related to smoking? Cancers, heart disease, blindness, and aging problems.
What is the average loss of life for smokers? 14 years, 13.1 for males, 14.5 for females
Why is 2nd Hand smoke dangerous to non-smokers? Because the air contains the same dangerous chemicals as what the
smoker is being exposed to.
STEROIDS and CREATINE
76. What are the negative risks of taking steroids? Liver abnormalities, tumors (cancers), heart disease, violence,
psychological disorders, diseases, and infections
77. What is Creatine? A naturally occurring compound produced by your body that helps muscles produce energy and delays
muscle fatigue.
78. Why do athletes choose to take Creatine? Helps muscles make and circulate ATP (muscle cell energy) for more explosion,
helps delay muscle fatigue.
79. What are the side effects of Creatine: stomach cramps, muscle cramps, nausea / diarrhea, weight gain, kidney and liver
damage (high doses)