CHAPTER ONE: MATTER AND CHANGE
Key concepts:
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Basic vocabulary
Organization of Matter
States of Matter
Intensive and Extensive properties
Physical and Chemical properties/change
Layout of the periodic table
A. Chemistry Terminology
Chemistry - Study of the composition, structure
_________
And properties of matter and the changes it
undergoes.
Mass
________–
Measure of the amount of matter.
Matter - Anything with mass and takes up space.
________
A. Chemistry Terminology cont.
Atom
________
- smallest unit of an element that
maintains the properties of that element.
Element - a pure substance made of only one
_________
type of atom.
Compound - a pure substance made up of two or
________
more atoms that are chemically bonded.
B. Classification of Matter
MATTER
yes
MIXTURE
yes
Is the composition
uniform?
no
Can it be physically
separated?
PURE SUBSTANCE
no
Homogeneous
Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous
Mixture
EX: Salt water
EX: Blood,
granite, milk
yes
Can it be chemically
decomposed?
no
Compound
Element
EX: CO2, H2O
EX: C, H2, K
NaCl
B. Classification of Matter cont.
Homogeneous - Mixture that looks
____________
the same throughout
Heterogeneous - Mixture that has different
____________
visible parts.
C. Phases of Matter
Gas
Bose-Einstein
Condensate
Solid
Liquid
Energy
Added
Plasma
C. Phases of Matter cont.
 Bose-Einstein Condensate
 Very low Energy
 Small number of atoms
fuse into one ‘super atom’
 Solids
 Definite shape
 Definite volume
C. Phases of Matter cont.
 Liquids
 Definite Volume
 Indefinite shape
 Gases
 Indefinite shape
 Indefinite volume
 Plasma
 Very high Energy
 Gases with electrons
stripped from atoms
D. Intensive and Extensive Properties
Extensive
___________
- Depends on the amount of matter
Intensive - Does not depend on the amount of
___________
matter
Examples:
 Boiling point
INTENSIVE
 Mass
EXTENSIVE
Volume
EXTENSIVE
Conductivity
INTENSIVE
Density
INTENSIVE
E. Chemical and Physical Properties
Physical - can be observed without changing the
________
identity of the substance
Chemical - describes the ability of a substance
________
to undergo changes in identity
Examples:
 Melting point
PHYSICAL
 Flammability
CHEMICAL
 Magnetic
PHYSICAL
Conductivity
PHYSICAL
 Tarnishes in air
CHEMICAL
E. Chemical and Physical Change
Physical
__________
• Changes the form of a substance
without changing its identity
• Properties remain the same
Chemical
__________
• Changes the identity of a
substance
• Products have different
properties
E. Chemical and Physical Change cont.
Examples:
rusting iron
CHEMICAL
dissolving in water
PHYSICAL
burning a log
CHEMICAL
melting ice
PHYSICAL
grinding spices
PHYSICAL
F. Periodic Table
A – METALS
B – METALOIDS – properties of metals and non
C – NONMETALS
F. Periodic Table cont.
A Single Entry
C
Symbol
6
Atomic Number (Z)
Carbon
Mass
12.011
2
2
1s 2s 2p
Name
2
Electron
Configuration
F. Periodic Table cont.
s Block
Rare
Earth Elements
Alkali
Alkaline
Metals
Earth
Metals
Noble
Halogens
Gases
Lanthanides
Actinides
d Block
p Block
Transition
Metals
ROWS – PERIODS
COLUMNS – FAMILIES/GROUPS
f Block
Foreign Names of elements
Modern Name
Antimony
Copper
Symbol Latin Name
Sb
Stibium
Cu
Cupprum
Gold
Iron
Lead
Au
Fe
Pb
Aurrum
Ferrum
Plumbum
Mercury
Potassium
Silver
Hg
K
Ag
Hydrargyrum
Kalium
Argentum
Sodium
Tin
Tungsten
Na
Sn
W
Natrium
Stannum
Wolfram (German)