UNIT 13/14
American, French, and Latin American Revolutions
Latin America
What happened during the Napoleonic Wars?
How did the American and French Revolutions
affect South America?
European Influences
Colonial Rule
New Leaders
Left alone
Simon Bolivar
Emboldened by
Revolutions
Jose de San Martin
Father Miguel Hidalgo
Educated in
Enlightenment
Peninsulares
High political office
Controlled wealth and
power
The animation
automatically begins.
Creoles
Educated
Army officers
Wealthy
Limited opportunities
Mestizo
Mixed blood
- Spanish/Indian
Working Class
Mulatto
Mixed blood
- Spanish/African
Indian
Slave labor
Colonial Society
Haiti
French colony of Saint Domingue
 Majority of population
were slaves
Venezuela
Simon Bolivar (Libertador)
 Creole
 led the Venezuelan independence movement
 United Ecuador, Venezuela, and Columbia –
named himself president of Gran Columbia
 Wanted to unite the newly independent
South American countries (model after
U.S.)
 Led into a revolt by
Toussaint L’Ouverture
that ended slavery in
Hispaniola
 1st black colony to free
itself from European
control
Jose de San Martin
• Independence threatened by Spanish
forces in Chile and Peru
• Drove out the Spanish, helped by
Bernardo O’Higgins (Peru)
• Needed a bigger army, met up with
Bolivar and turned his army over to
him
 Bolivar’s army defeated the Spanish
 Freedom for Latin American
Argentina
Mexico
 Revolution started by Padre Miguel Hidalgo
 Defeated, BUT rebels regrouped under Padre Jose Morelos
 Mexico eventually declared freedom from Spain
 Central American countries then declared freedom from
Spain AND Mexico
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Guyana
Suriname
French Guiana
Colombia
Brazil
Ecuador
• No violent overthrow
• The Portuguese royal
family escaped a French
invasion (Napoleon) and
went to Brazil
• Brazilians no longer
wanted to be a colony and
asked the Prince to rule
Peru
Brazil
Bolivia
Paraguay
Uruguay
Chile
Argentina
Falkland Islands