Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________
Conflicts of Empire
HW 2.3 Due 10-23-15
MAIN IDEAS
1. Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821.
2. The Mexican War for Independence was very costly for Texas and its
people.
Key Terms and People
Agustín de Iturbide
jacales
a leader of the fight to gain Mexico’s independence from Spain
one room huts made of sticks and mud
Section Summary
MEXICO WINS INDEPENDENCE
After the Spanish executed Father Hidalgo, a priest
named José Maria Morelos y Pavón took control of
the fight for Mexican independence. He won several
battles and gained more control of Mexico, but in
1815, he was captured and killed. The struggle for
Mexican independence seemed at its end.
In 1820 political changes in Spain weakened the
government. A new group rose to power that held
views with which the Spanish loyalists did not
agree. Many loyalists changed sides and opposed
Spain.
Mexican rebels saw their chance. An army led by
Agustín de Iturbide, a former leader of the Spanish
forces, and Vicente Guerrero defeated the Spanish
in 1821. Although they had planned to share power,
Iturbide pushed Guerrero aside and declared himself
Emperor Augustín. His reign did not last long—the
Mexican people soon turned against him.
What happened after
Iturbide and Guerrero
defeated the Spanish
forces?
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
THE WAR’S IMPACT ON TEXAS
Years of fighting in Texas and by Texans in Mexico
took its toll. Many Tejanos had been killed in the
fighting or fled from the violence. Only 3,000
Tejanos remained in Texas by 1821.
What happened to the
Tejano population in
Texas?
______________________
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
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Guided Reading Workbook
Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________
Section 4, continued
About 1,500 Tejanos lived near San Antonio, the
capital. Erasmo Seguín and José Antonio Navarro
had both fled to Texas during the Gutiérrez-Magee
expedition, but both men returned to San Antonio.
Seguín later served as San Antonio’s postmaster
and in city government.
Another 500 Tejanos lived in Goliad, known then
as La Bahía. In what is now southern Texas, several
thousand people lived along the Rio Grande. Unlike
the people in East Texas, they lived in small
settlements and isolated ranches. After the war, the
ranching industry quickly recovered.
About 30,000 American Indians also lived in the
region. But the war had caused tension between the
Indians and the Tejanos. American Indians attacked
Texas settlements. Wealthy ranchers built fort-like
houses to guard against attacks. Less fortunate
Tejanos lived in jacales, one-room huts made of
sticks and mud.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
89
Guided Reading Workbook
Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________
Section 4, continued
DIRECTIONS Read each sentence and fill in the blank with the word
from the pair that best completes the sentence.
1. A former Spanish loyalist _______________________ (Father Miguel Hidalgo y
Costilla/Agustín de Iturbide) joined forces with the rebels to fight for Mexico’s
independence.
2. The armies of Iturbide and _______________________ (Vicente Guerrero/José
Gutiérrez de Lara) defeated the Spanish in 1821.
3. _______________________ (Iturbide/Guerrero) wanted to rule Mexico alone,
and declared himself Emperor Agustín.
4. People of Spanish descent living in Texas were called
_______________________ (filibusters/Tejanos).
5. After he returned to San Antonio, _______________________ (Erasmo
Seguín/José Antonio Navarro) became the city’s postmaster.
6. In southeast Texas, about 500 Tejanos lived in Goliad, also known as
_______________________ (La Bahía/Nacogdoches).
7. Ranching was a popular industry in the south and west, where several thousand
people lived near _______________________ (San Antonio/the Rio Grande).
8. Wealthy ranchers built their houses to protect from American Indian attacks, but
those less fortunate lived in one-room huts called _______________________
(adobes/jacales).
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
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Guided Reading Workbook