BIOCHEMISTRY
Second term exam
Part A
Answer the following question (10*4=40)
1. What are the fat soluble vitamins?Discuss them with their deficiencies
and deficiency disorder.
2. Give an account on fatty acid oxidation?
3. Describe the structure of DNA? OR
Name the different RNAs and discuss their structure?
4. Describe the structure and functions of phospholipids?
Part B
1. Define jaundice. Give the cause and classification of jaundice.(1+3)
2. What is metabolism of xenobiotics?Give the general scheme that a
foreign substance undergoes such biotransformation reaction.Give the
properties of cytP450.(2+2+2)
3. Give the classification of enzyme with examples. What do you
understand by enzyme inhibition? Write the pharmacological
significance of enzyme inhibition study.(2+1.5+1.5)
4. Give the pictorial organisation of electron transport chain showing the
flow of electron within the complexes. Locate the site of inhibition by
various inhibitors molecules you know.(5+2)
5. Give the outlines Urea cycle and explain the importance of cycle. (4+1)
6. Give the pathway for catecholamine synthesis and write the
physiological role of these amines.(4+1)
7. Write the pathway leading to the complete oxidation of glucose
molecule in the biological system for the maximum yields of ATPs and
calculate the number of ATPs generated per molecule of glucose
oxidized.(6+2)
2060
1. Explain the mode of mobilization of fatty acids from
adipose tissue and their oxidation in mitochondria of
hepatocyte. 12
2. What is transamination and deamination of amino
acids? Describe the cycle of Urea synthesis in liver.
3. How purine nucleotides are metabolized in our body?
Outline the reaction and products of purine nitrogen
bases degradation in details. 13
4. Short notes on
a. Discuss on role of vitamin A in vision
b. List out various hormones of Adrenal glands
5. Discuss on structure of DNA.
6. Discuss on synthesis of vitamin D in our body.
7. Discuss in role of insulin in carbohydrates, lipid, and
protein metabolism.
8. Discuss on role of cytP450 system in drug metabolism.
2061
1. Define gluconeogenesis. Enumerate the substrate for
gluconeogenesis. Explain the pathway of
gluconeogenesis and its regulation.
2. List essential and non essential amino acids. Discuss on
conversion of amino acids to various specialized
products such as hormones, chemical mediators and
neurotransmitters
3. Classify major lipoproteins present in plasma. Describe
the metabolism of chylomicrons and very low density
lipoprotein in our body.
4. Describe de-novo and salvage pathway of purine
nucleotide biosynthesis. Discuss on the aetiology on
gout in human.
5. Short notes in any four
a. Discuss on bicarbonate absorption and regeneration
inn kidneys.
b. Give an outline on digestion and absorption of lipids.
c. Describe on role of CytP450 system in drug
metabolism.
d. Explain mechanism of ketone body formation.
e. Define transamination and deamination with
examples.
6. Discuss on substrate and other biological materials
required for protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells.
2062
1. What is glycogenesis?List the substrate for
gluconeogenesis.Describe the pathway of
gluconeogenesis.(4+12)
2. What are ketone bodies? How are ketone body formed which
are utilised in our body.(4+6+6)
3. Amino acids can be hanged into hormones and
neurotransmitter explain with example.(8+8)
4. Write short notes on any four (8*4=32)
a. Classification of enzyme
b. Respiratory chain
c. Hormones secreted by Adrenal glands
d. Urea cycle
e. B-oxidation of fatty acids
2063
1. Describe Krebs’s cycle with neat diagram. 16
2. What are xenobiotics? Enumerate with examples the first and
second phase reaction of xenobiotic reaction. 16
3. Define lipoproteins and APO lipoproteins. Describe the
metabolism of LDL cholesterol. (3+3+10)
4. Classify hormones. Describe the function of insulin in our body
.(6+10)
5. Define PH and buffer. Describe different buffer system present
in our body. (2+2+12)
6. Write short notes on any four(4*4=16)
a. Polysaccharides
c. Cholesterol
b. B-oxidation of fatty acids
d. Urea cycle
2064
1. Define and classify carbohydrate.(2+8)
2. Define and classify enzyme. (2+8)
3. Explain Urea cycle ,clinical importance and its relation with
TCA cycle.(8+2+2)
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Explain TCA cycle and total ATP synthesized.(8+2)
HDL metabolism and function of HDL. (7+3)
Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes.(4+4)
DNA synthesis with figure.
Synthesis and importance of T3 andT4.
2065
1. Define carbohydrate and classify them with
examples. Describe the importance of glycogen and
cellulose.(6+4)
2. Define and classify enzyme with examples.Describe
the clinical significance of enzyme. (4+4)
3. Describe TCA cycle. Is there any association between
TCA and Urea cycle? If yes then show it with
diagram.(7+3)
4. What is DNA.Describe DNA replication with
diagram.(4+6)
5. Write short notes any two
a. Prostaglandins inhibitors
b. Inhibitors of DNA and RNA synthesis
c. Water soluble vitamin
6. `Describe the B-oxidation fatty acids. Describe
ketone bodies and ketosis.(5+5)
7. Name essential amino acids. What are their
sources? Give the biomedical importance of protein
in our body. (4+2+4)
8. Define lipid and lipoprotein, classify lipoprotein with
examples.
2067
1. Define Krebs’s cycle. Illustrate the reaction and products
of citric acid cycle. How this is regulated. Calculate the
amount of ATP formed from one molecule of glucose
from its complete oxidation.
2. Explain with neat diagram the major steps in cholesterol
biosynthesis. Describe the mechanism involved in
control of cholesterol level in our body.
3. Describe the pathway of B-oxidation of fatty acids. Why
in diabetes mellitus excess ketone bodies are formed
due to mobilization of free fatty acids.
4. Explain metabolism of xenobiotics in human with
examples.
5. Write short notes on any four
a. Synthesis of catecholamine’s
b. Role of kidney in acid-base balance
c. Functions of glucocorticoids
d. Role of insulin in carbohydrate, protein and lipid
metabolism
e. Function of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA
2068
1. Explain glycolysis with neat diagram. How glycolysis
is regulated. (7+5)
2. Classify lipids. Explain B-oxidation of fatty acids
with neat diagram. (5+7)
3. Classify enzymes. Enumerate the types of enzymes
inhibitors with examples. (5+7)
4. Explain with neat diagram the major steps in
cholesterol biosynthesis. How cholesterol is utilised
in our body.
5. Explain metabolism of Xenobiotics in human with
examples. 12
6. Write short notes on any four
a. Synthesis of catecholamine’s
b. Role of kidney in acid base balance
c. Function of glucocortecoids hormones
2069
1. Classify lipids with examples. 10
2. Explain with examples
a. Enzymes
b. Co-enzymes
c. Iso-enzymes
d. Enzyme units
e. Enzyme inhibitor
3. Sketch an explanatory diagram of ETC. List inhibitors
of ETC. (7+3)
4. Explain
a. Transamination
3
b. Deamintion
3
c. Urea cycle
3
5. Explain the metabolism of Xenobiotics in mammals
with the help of Hydroxylation and conjugation
mechanism. (5+5)
6. Write short notes on any four(7.5*4)
a. Functions and source of water soluble vitamins
b. Biosynthesis of bilirubin
c. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotide
d. Glycogenesis
e. Polysaccharides
2070
1. Define gluconeogenesis. Describe gluconeogenesis
pathway (in flow diagram only) from lactate. (2+8)
2. Derive Michael’s Mention equation. Explain its three
significance. 7
3. Describe factor affecting enzyme activity. 3
4. Describe Urea cycle with diagram only. How nitrogen
and carbon component of Urea does enters urea cycle.
(5+3+2)
5. Describe transport processes across the plasma
membrane. 10
6. Write short notes on
a. Xenobiotic metabolism
b. Biochemical function of riboflavin(vitamin B2)
c. Salvage pathway of nucleotide synthesis
d. Classification of lipids
e. Process of transcription
f. TCA cycle