Agenda – Wednesday, February 4th
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Collect Brain + Car homework
Neurotransmission review and notes
Homework: NONE
Quizzes #3 and #4
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Quiz #4
 2nd
hour Mean: 11.45/16
 7th hour Mean: 10.63/16
Biology of the Mind
Starting Small
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Find your partner (person with the matching
term/definition)
Three tasks
 ASK:
What part of the biology unit are you MOST
overwhelmed by?
 Take out your Biology quiz and reading guide. With
your partner, determine WHY you missed each question
 Using the blank diagram, try your best (WITHOUT
NOTES) to label the neuron
Types of Cells
Neurons
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Individual nerve cells
Generate and conduct
electrical impulses
movement,
behavior, pain,
pleasure, memories, etc.
Glial Cells
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 Thoughts,

“Housekeeper” cells
Hold neurons in place
Transport oxygen and
nutrients to neurons
Remove and destroy
dead neurons
Types of Neurons

Afferent Neurons (Sensory)
 Transfer
information from sensory receptors to the brain
 (A for ARRIVAL)

Efferent Neurons (Motor)
 Transfer
information from the brain to rest of body
 (E for EXIT)
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Interneurons
 Internal
communication within the Central Nervous
System
 (I for INTERNAL)
The Neuron
Neurotransmission
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Resting Potential: Each neuron sits/rests at a -70
charge, which is the only time the neuron is capable of
firing an action potential
Threshold: The amount of neurotransmitters that need to
be received to trigger an action potential
Action Potential: A brief electrical charge that travels
through a neuron allowing a neurotransmitter to exit the
neuron and enter another
Agenda – Thursday, February
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
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Finish neurotransmission notes
Begin neurotransmitters (if time)
Homework: Bio + S&P Exam  TUESDAY
th
5
Neurotransmission
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All-or-none potential: A neuron either fires or it
doesn’t (no in-between)
 Like


a gun
Depolarization: A message from another neuron
causes the inside of the neuron to become positive
(+)
Selective Permeability: The membrane letting
in/shutting out certain ions
Neurotransmission
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
Repolarization: Occurs right after the action
potential as potassium moves out of the inside of
the cell restoring the inside back to a negative
charge
Refractory period: A brief period that the neuron
cannot fire until -70 charge is restored
Neural Firing
The Magic School Bus
There is a bus full of unhappy children on their way to Normal Community High
school. They’re feeling sad because the world outside looks so happy, the sun
is shining, the birds are chirping, etc. At a certain point, the driver makes a
stop and picks up a kid by opening the bus door. The wonderful air whooshes
in, and if enough kids go from sad to happy, then they start getting
rambunctious. Having now, wasted their energy, there’s a short time before
they can start it up again.
Parts of a Neuron
Soma
Nucleus
Dendrite
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Neuronal Firing
Resting Potential
Threshold
All-or-Nothing
Depolarization
Selective Permeability
Repolarization
Refractory Period

http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih2/
addiction/activities/lesson2_neurotransmission.htm
Agenda – Thursday, February

Neurotransmitter Review
 Handout
 Discussion


If time: work on “Brain Game” review
Homework: EXAM #2 TOMORROW!!!
th
13
Neurotransmitters
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Purpose:
 Chemicals
that transmit signals from neurons through the
process of neurotransmission
 Provide meaning and use to our brain structures
Neurotransmitters
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GABA
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
Serotonin: Regulates mood, sleep, eating, arousal,
and pain
 Low
levels contribute to depression and suicidal
tendencies
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
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Serotonin
Normal Function:
Attention; Emotion
(Pleasure); voluntary
movement
Acetylcholine
Problems with Imbalance:
GABA
Glutamine
Too much: Schizophrenia,
Too little: Parkinson’s
Substances that Affect:
Endorphins
Cocaine, amphetamines,
Ritalin, alcohol
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Neurotransmitters
Normal Function:
Dopamine
Serotonin
Mood, Hunger, Sleep, &
Arousal
Acetylcholine
Problems with Imbalance:
GABA
Glutamine
Lack associated with
Depression, certain anxiety
disorders (OCD)
Substances that Affect:
Endorphins
Prozac, hallucinogenics
(e.g.22LSD)
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Normal Function:
Serotonin
Muscle Action, Learning &
Memory
Acetylcholine
GABA
Problems with Imbalance:
Certain muscular disorders,
Alzheimer’s disease
Glutamine
Substances that Affect:
Endorphins
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Curare
(Antagonist: Blocks NT)
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Normal Function:
Serotonin
Most prevalent inhibitory
neurotransmitter in neurons
of CNS
Acetylcholine
Problems with Imbalance:
GABA
Lack of leads to Seizures &
Tremors
Glutamine
Substances that Affect:
Endorphins
Tranquilizers (e.g. Valium,
Librium), alcohol
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Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
GABA
Glutamine
Endorphins
Normal Function:
Primary excitatory
neurotransmitter in CNS;
involved in learning and
memory
Problems with Imbalance:
Too much overstimulates
brain: Migranes & Seizures
Substances that Affect:
PCP (“angel dust”), MSG
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Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Normal Function:
Serotonin
Pleasure (Addiction) and
control of pain
Acetylcholine
Problems with Imbalance:
GABA
Lack of leads to heightened
sensation of pain
Glutamine
Endorphins
Substances that Affect:
Opiates: opium, heroin,
morphine, methadone
(Agonists: Mimic)
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
http://www.thirteen.org/closetohome/animation/co
ca-anim.html