Enzymes
What would happen if we did
not have enzymes in the world?
1. We could not break down food without them. Our
muscles would not be able to start working or stop
working. Our liver would not work. (These are all
things that I want working in me at least)
2. Fungi would not be able to decompose materials, thus
materials would not be able to be recycled through the
ecosystem
What would happen if we did not
have enzymes in the world? Cont’d
3. You would not be able to get energy from
your food (well, I guess that would be a
good weight loss program)
4. Plants would not be able to make their
own food (well there goes the whole food
chain)
What would happen if we did not
have enzymes in the world? Cont’d
5. We would be without laundry detergent (I like
clean clothes)
6. We would not be as protected from germs
(Doctors and drug companies would love this)
What would happen if we did not
have enzymes in the world? Cont’d
7. All of the genetic technology you hear about in the news
would not be occurring
8. We would not have beer, wine, or any other
alcoholic beverages; not to mention other food items
such as cheese and bread.
What would happen if we did not
have enzymes in the world? Cont’d
9. We wouldn’t have certain medicines and treatments.
10. You wouldn’t be able to make any new DNA or any new
proteins in your body (Hmm, I think that would prevent
us from performing any life functions)
Enzymes That are Our Friends
• Catylase – Breaks H202 (hydrogen peroxide) apart
• Amylase– breaks Sucrose in to glucose and sucrose
• Acetocholinesterase – breaks down acetocholine so
that your muscles stop contracting
• Reverse Transcriptase – creates DNA from RNA
• DNA Polymerase – makes new DNA for you
• Lipase – Helps break down fats
• Alcohol Dehyrogenase – breaks down alcohol in the
body (makes it non toxic)
There is an enzyme for just about any of your life needs!!
What do you notice about the names???
Enzymes
Enzyme Rules:
1. Enzymes are proteins
2. Enzymes are catalysts that speed up reactions (they turn
substrates into products)
3. Enzymes are specific (only 1 enzyme works for 1
substrate)
4. Enzymes do not get used up in the reaction
5. Enzymes only work at a specific temperature and pH.
6. Enzymes end in -ase
Enzyme Action
• Enzymes act on
substrates.
• Enzymes are very
specific about the
substrates that
• The enzyme breaks
away unchanged at the
end
Website for animation of Enzyme Action
Let’s Look At Enzymes From
another View
• Enzyme Action Site
Would this reaction be an example of
dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis?
Why?
So How does it speed it up?
• Enzymes will lower
the activation
energy.
• Enzyme Rate – The
speed at which the
reactants are
transformed into the
products
More Enzyme Action
Small starch molecule.
• Amylase in
Saliva action
on Starch.
What type of
molecule is
this?
Add amylase….. What did we
learn breaking
molecules down
is called?
Glucose
Glucose
Glucose
Glucose
Enzyme Activity in Action
• Why can Lactose
intolerant people drink
milk?
• How do you think that
Lactaid works?
• If Lactaid, is Lactase,
what will happen if we
add it to milk?
• How could we test to
see if it worked?
• How can we test to
see if the Lactase still
worked?
Should milk with lactose
test positive for glucose?
Draw this
Add Lactase…..
reaction in
enzyme form.
glucose
galactose
What should be different between the milk with
lactaid and the milk without lactaid??? (This is what
we will test for)
Enzyme Activity in Action
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What was the difference between the
Jellos?
What is a key component in Jello that
makes it solidify?
If Jello does not solidify, what must be
missing?
What must be occurring in the fresh
pineapple Jello solution?
Amino
What is the enzyme in this reaction?
Acid
What is the substrate for this reaction?
What is the product for this reaction?
Why did the Jello with canned pineapple
solidify?
What was the independent variable in this
experiment?
What was the dependent variable in this
experiment?
Amino
Which Jello group was the control?
Jello is sweet, based on this experiment,
Acid
would it make any sense to test for sugar
between the groups? Why or why not?
Name two things that were constants in this
experiment.
Write a word equation for this experiment.
(For example, hydrogen peroxide in the
presence of catalase forms water and
oxygen gas.)
What type
of bond is
this?
Protein in Jello
Amino
Acid
Amino
Acid
Add Bromelase
Amino
Acid
Amino
Acid
Amino
Acid
What is this
molecule?
Amino
Acid
What is different
before the reaction
and after the
reaction?
• Toothpick-ase
Lab Day
Enzyme Activity in Action
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Why did the hydrogen
peroxide bubble on the
potato that had not been
cooked?
Why did the hydrogen
peroxide not bubble on the
potato that had been boiled?
2 Hydrogen peroxide molecules
What type
of
molecules
is this?
Add catalase….
O
H
O2
H
Water
•
Summarize on your warm
up sheet how the enzyme
works in this example.
Oxygen
Which part of the
reaction causes the
bubbles?
Enzyme Activity in Action
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Why did the hydrogen
peroxide bubble on the potato
2 Hydrogen peroxide molecules
that had not been cooked?
Why did the hydrogen
peroxide not bubble on the
potato that had been boiled?
What type Add catalase….
What is the reaction that is
of
represented here?
O
molecules
O2
What is the enzyme that
is this?
H
H
makes it possible?
Oxygen
Water
Draw this reaction in enzyme
form.
Which part of the
Why did the potato turn black
reaction causes the
in both the potato that had
bubbles?
been boiled and the one that
had not been boiled?