ABSOLUT
GOVERNMENT
You are
bottled up.
LIMITED
GOVERNMENT
A Constitution
LIMITS
GOVERNMENT
Absolutism
Constitutionalism
Government
Power
Absolute
LIMITED
Laws
Arbitrary
Common
Taxation
By Decree
By Consent
Representative
Bodies?
NO
YES
Sovereignty The Monarch
The People
Government
Power
Laws
Taxation
Representative
Bodies
Sovereignty
Absolutism
Constitutionalism
Absolute
LIMITED
Judges decide by
PRECEDENT
Henry II
Absolutism
Constitutionalism
Government
Power
Absolute
LIMITED
Laws
Arbitrary
Common
Taxation
Representative
Bodies
Sovereignty
Magna Carta
(1215) “Great Charter”
The Holy Grail
of English Constitutionalism
King John Signs the Magna Carta
Who is present?
What is the general mood?
A CONTRACT
Photo by One lucky guy
Photo by One lucky guy
Between the people
and their ruler
Taxation by
CONSENT
Can I tax
you?
NO!!!
Can I tax
you?
“More Charter”
Photo by JTSiemer
Absolutism
Constitutionalism
Government
Power
Absolute
LIMITED
Laws
Arbitrary
Common
Taxation
By Decree
By Consent
Representative
Bodies
Sovereignty
Parliament
Some rights reserved by UK Parliament
The Power of the Purse
KING
Parliament
Lords
(Bicameral)
Commons
Absolutism
Constitutionalism
Government
Power
Absolute
LIMITED
Laws
Arbitrary
Common
Taxation
By Decree
By Consent
Representative
Bodies
NO
YES
Sovereignty
Absolutism
Constitutionalism
Government
Power
Absolute
LIMITED
Laws
Arbitrary
Common
Taxation
By Decree
By Consent
Representative
Bodies
NO
YES
Sovereignty
Monarch
People
The English Reformation
Henry VIII Edward VI
1509-1547
Catholic
Prote
stant
Mary I
Elizabeth I
1547-1553
1553-1558
1558-1603
Protestant
Catholic
Protestant
Henry VIII’s Children
STUART ABSOLUTISM
James I Charles I
The Stuart Dynasty
INTERREGNUM
JI CI
C II J II
RESTORATION
Charles II James II
CROMWELL
STUART ABSOLUTISM
•
Divine Right
•
STATE RELIGION
•
Everyone must attend
Church of England
services
•
Authorized Version
“The Divine Right Of Kings”
by Edgar Allen Poe
The only king by right divine
Is Ellen King, and were she mine
I'd strive for liberty no more,
But hug the glorious chains I wore.
Her bosom is an ivory throne,
Where tyrant virtue reigns alone ;
No subject vice dare interfere,
To check the power that governs here.
From
Graham's Magazine,
October 1845
O! would she deign to rule my fate,
I'd worship Kings and kingly state,
And hold this maxim all life long,
The King — my King — can do no
wrong.
-The End-
http://www.tvspots.tv/video/53168/MARS--BUCKLED
The Radical Reformation
•
As opposed to the moderate reforms of Luther
and Henry VIII
“Reformed” Theology
• SOVEREIGNTY of God
• The “Elect”
• Predestination
T
U
L
I
P
John Calvin
Puritans and Separatists
CoE “Too Catholic”
Same Doctrines
Different Approaches
http://youtu.be/GM-bQsbrGs4?t=2m45s
ANGLICANS
CALVINISTS
Church of
England
Puritans
Separatists
SATISFIED
PURIFY
SEPARATE
• MORE ABSOLUTISM
• Short Parliament
• Long Parliament
Source: cngcoins.com
Source: cngcoins.com
CAVALIERS
ROUNDHEADS
Supporters of
Charles I
Supporters of
Long Parliament
• Charles I
beheaded
• END of Stuart
Absolutism
“Lord Protector”
Military Dictatorship
Strict
Rule
“The Merry Monarch”
Test Acts
Increased Toleration
[Too Late?]
No Legitimate Issue
Charles II’s Brother
• Catholic
• Unpopular with
• Parliament
• Protestants
Run off by Parliament
Throne VACANT
No Bloodshed
WANTED
A monarch who will sit down,
shut up, and let Parliament
take care of governing.
William and Mary signed the
English Bill of Rights, which
recognized Parliament as
the sovereign governing
authority in England.
What grievances did Parliament have against James II?
What rights did the English declare for themselves?
What groups were given special privileges in this
document?
What comparisons can you make between this document
and the U.S. Bill of Rights?
Where does sovereignty reside?
•
•
•
•
PAPIST
Taxation without consent
Standing army in a time of peace
Allowed papists to be armed and
disarmed Protestants (a.k.a., “Good Citizens”)
• Partial, corrupt, and unqualified jurors
• Excessive fines and bails
• Free elections
• PARLIAMENTARY SUPREMACY
• Free elections of Parliament
• Protestants get to have “arms for their
defense… suitable to their conditions as
allowed by law”
• Petition the government
• Qualified jurors (freeholders)
• Frequent Parliaments
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cruel and unusual punishments
Excessive bails
Right to bear arms
Quartering troops
Freedom of Speech
“Jury of… peers”
L.L.P.
ABSOLUTISM
• Natural Rights
– (God-given)
• Life
• Liberty
• Property
• “Consent of the governed”
• Religious Toleration
The
ONE
KING
Parliamentary
Supremacy
Absolutism
MONARCH(S)
KEY EVENTS / ACHIEVEMENTS
JAMES I
King James Bible (Authorized Version)
Jamestown Colony
Divine Right of Kings
Enforced Religious Uniformity
(1603-1625)
CHARLES I
(1625-1649)
Short Parliament / Long Parliament
English Civil War
BEHEADED
INTERREGNUM
(Cromwell’s Dictatorship)
Restorati
CHARLES II
The “Merry Monarch”
Test Acts (No Catholics in Office)
JAMES II
Catholic
Violated Test Acts