ABSOLUT GOVERNMENT You are bottled up. LIMITED GOVERNMENT A Constitution LIMITS GOVERNMENT Absolutism Constitutionalism Government Power Absolute LIMITED Laws Arbitrary Common Taxation By Decree By Consent Representative Bodies? NO YES Sovereignty The Monarch The People Government Power Laws Taxation Representative Bodies Sovereignty Absolutism Constitutionalism Absolute LIMITED Judges decide by PRECEDENT Henry II Absolutism Constitutionalism Government Power Absolute LIMITED Laws Arbitrary Common Taxation Representative Bodies Sovereignty Magna Carta (1215) “Great Charter” The Holy Grail of English Constitutionalism King John Signs the Magna Carta Who is present? What is the general mood? A CONTRACT Photo by One lucky guy Photo by One lucky guy Between the people and their ruler Taxation by CONSENT Can I tax you? NO!!! Can I tax you? “More Charter” Photo by JTSiemer Absolutism Constitutionalism Government Power Absolute LIMITED Laws Arbitrary Common Taxation By Decree By Consent Representative Bodies Sovereignty Parliament Some rights reserved by UK Parliament The Power of the Purse KING Parliament Lords (Bicameral) Commons Absolutism Constitutionalism Government Power Absolute LIMITED Laws Arbitrary Common Taxation By Decree By Consent Representative Bodies NO YES Sovereignty Absolutism Constitutionalism Government Power Absolute LIMITED Laws Arbitrary Common Taxation By Decree By Consent Representative Bodies NO YES Sovereignty Monarch People The English Reformation Henry VIII Edward VI 1509-1547 Catholic Prote stant Mary I Elizabeth I 1547-1553 1553-1558 1558-1603 Protestant Catholic Protestant Henry VIII’s Children STUART ABSOLUTISM James I Charles I The Stuart Dynasty INTERREGNUM JI CI C II J II RESTORATION Charles II James II CROMWELL STUART ABSOLUTISM • Divine Right • STATE RELIGION • Everyone must attend Church of England services • Authorized Version “The Divine Right Of Kings” by Edgar Allen Poe The only king by right divine Is Ellen King, and were she mine I'd strive for liberty no more, But hug the glorious chains I wore. Her bosom is an ivory throne, Where tyrant virtue reigns alone ; No subject vice dare interfere, To check the power that governs here. From Graham's Magazine, October 1845 O! would she deign to rule my fate, I'd worship Kings and kingly state, And hold this maxim all life long, The King — my King — can do no wrong. -The End- http://www.tvspots.tv/video/53168/MARS--BUCKLED The Radical Reformation • As opposed to the moderate reforms of Luther and Henry VIII “Reformed” Theology • SOVEREIGNTY of God • The “Elect” • Predestination T U L I P John Calvin Puritans and Separatists CoE “Too Catholic” Same Doctrines Different Approaches http://youtu.be/GM-bQsbrGs4?t=2m45s ANGLICANS CALVINISTS Church of England Puritans Separatists SATISFIED PURIFY SEPARATE • MORE ABSOLUTISM • Short Parliament • Long Parliament Source: cngcoins.com Source: cngcoins.com CAVALIERS ROUNDHEADS Supporters of Charles I Supporters of Long Parliament • Charles I beheaded • END of Stuart Absolutism “Lord Protector” Military Dictatorship Strict Rule “The Merry Monarch” Test Acts Increased Toleration [Too Late?] No Legitimate Issue Charles II’s Brother • Catholic • Unpopular with • Parliament • Protestants Run off by Parliament Throne VACANT No Bloodshed WANTED A monarch who will sit down, shut up, and let Parliament take care of governing. William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights, which recognized Parliament as the sovereign governing authority in England. What grievances did Parliament have against James II? What rights did the English declare for themselves? What groups were given special privileges in this document? What comparisons can you make between this document and the U.S. Bill of Rights? Where does sovereignty reside? • • • • PAPIST Taxation without consent Standing army in a time of peace Allowed papists to be armed and disarmed Protestants (a.k.a., “Good Citizens”) • Partial, corrupt, and unqualified jurors • Excessive fines and bails • Free elections • PARLIAMENTARY SUPREMACY • Free elections of Parliament • Protestants get to have “arms for their defense… suitable to their conditions as allowed by law” • Petition the government • Qualified jurors (freeholders) • Frequent Parliaments • • • • • • Cruel and unusual punishments Excessive bails Right to bear arms Quartering troops Freedom of Speech “Jury of… peers” L.L.P. ABSOLUTISM • Natural Rights – (God-given) • Life • Liberty • Property • “Consent of the governed” • Religious Toleration The ONE KING Parliamentary Supremacy Absolutism MONARCH(S) KEY EVENTS / ACHIEVEMENTS JAMES I King James Bible (Authorized Version) Jamestown Colony Divine Right of Kings Enforced Religious Uniformity (1603-1625) CHARLES I (1625-1649) Short Parliament / Long Parliament English Civil War BEHEADED INTERREGNUM (Cromwell’s Dictatorship) Restorati CHARLES II The “Merry Monarch” Test Acts (No Catholics in Office) JAMES II Catholic Violated Test Acts