Chemical Bonding
Objectives:
 Understand why compounds exist in nature.
 Illustrate chemical bonding between elements
using Lewis Dot structures.
 Indentify and compare the two classes of
compounds by their chemical and physical
properties.
 Identify and predict compound names and
formulas by element’s location on the periodic
table.
Lewis Dot Structures
Lewis Dot Structures:
Element
•Illustrates valence electrons
for an atom.
Na
Place electrons (dots) around
the elements symbol using Mg
cardinal direction.
Si
S
• Do NOT pair electrons
up until you have to.
He
# of
valence
electrons
Lewis Dot
Structure
Lewis Dot Structures
http://www.roymech.co.uk/Related/Chemistry/Lewis_dot_structure.html
Explain how this picture illustrates ionic
bonding?
Ionic Bonding: 5.1
Objectives:
 Illustrate chemical bonding between elements
using Lewis Dot structures.
 Identify and predict compound names and
formulas by element’s location on the periodic
table.
Homework:
Ionic Bonding Lab
Ionic Bonding (Lewis Dot Transfer)
Metal
(Lewis
Dot)
Non-metal
(Lewis Dot)
Ionic Bonding
(Lewis Dot Transfer)
Chemical
Formula
Ionic Bonding Lab
Ionic Bonding
 Transfer of valence electrons from a metal
atom to a non-metal atom.
 Creates a metal ion (cation) and non-metal
ion (anion) that are held together by
attractive forces (chemical bond)
 Chemical bonds are intramolecular forces.
 Formation of Ionic Compounds
Intramolecular Forces
 The ionic bond
 The attractive force between the metal and
non-metal ions in the compound.
+
Na ---------Cl
Ionic Compounds
 The overall charge on any ionic compound is
always zero.
 The ratio of metal to non-metal ions has to equal
zero
Naming Ionic Compounds
Ionic Compound Nomenclature
How do scientists name ionic compounds?
 Binary Ionic Compounds: Simplest
compounds, composed of two ions.
 Name the cation and the anion.
*Use flow-chart to help you name each ion in
the compound.
Intramolecular Forces
 The ionic bond
 The attractive force between the metal and
non-metal ions in the compound.
+
Na -------Cl
Ionic Bonding: 5.2
Due:
•Ionic Bonding Lab
•Ionic Compound Worksheet
Objectives:
Illustrate chemical bonding between elements
using Lewis Dot structures.
Identify and predict compound names and
formulas by element’s location on the periodic
table.
Ionic Compounds
Ions
Oxidation number: The charge on an atom.
 Some elements have a fixed oxidation number.
 Some elements have multiple oxidation numbers.
Ions
Oxidation number: The charge on an atom.
 Some elements have a fixed oxidation number.
Primarily representative elements (tall groups on
periodic table)
 Some elements have multiple oxidation numbers.
Primarily transitional elements (short, middle groups on
the periodic table).
Oxidation Numbers and Periodic Table
Naming Ionic Compounds
*Use flow chart to name ionic compounds*
1. KF :
2. Ba3N2 :
3. CuBr2 :
4. FeN :
Naming Ionic Compounds
*Use flow chart to name ionic compounds*
1. KF : potassium fluoride
2. Ba3P2 : barium phosphide
3. CuBr2 : copper (II) bromide
4. FeN : iron (III) nitride
Naming Cations: Metals
 Fixed Oxidation Number ( fixed charge)
- Simply the name of the metal
- Ex. Al3+ : aluminum ion
 Multiple Oxidation Numbers (multiple
charges)
- Name of metal and roman numeral to identify
what charge is being used.
- Fe2+: iron (II) ion
Fe3+: iron (III) ion
Naming Anions: Non-metals
 Non-metals only have a single oxidation #
(charge) when becoming an anion.
 It is the root word of the non-metal with an –ide
ending.
Ex. Br 1- = Bromide
Ex. P3- = phosphide
Naming Ionic Compounds
Chemical Formula
Chemical Formula of Ionic Compounds
1. Write the symbol and charge for the cation
and the anion.
2. If charges balance, then the ions are one to
one in the formula.
3. If charges do not balance, then use the
criss-cross method to establish the correct
ratio of ions (subscripts) so they do
balance out in the formula.
Ionic Bonding: 5.5
Infinite Campus Update:
Lewis Dot Struture and Transfer Worksheet
Due:
Ionic Bonding Lab
Objectives:
Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using
Lewis Dot structures.
Identify and predict compound names and formulas by
element’s location on the periodic table.
Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds
by their chemical and physical properties.
Ionic Compound Worksheet
Ionic Bonding Lab
Name the ionic compounds from your lab
and place in tray when completed.
Types of Ions
 Monatomic Ions :
1 element makes-up
the ion.
 Polyatomic Ions:
2 or more elements
make-up an ion.
Mono or Poly Ions?
a. Na 1+ :
b. (S04)2- :
c. Cl1-:
d. (PO3)3-:
Ionic Compounds
a. Li (OH):
b. Fe2(CO3)3 :

Sodium Sulfate:
d. Chromium (II) Phosphate :
Determine the Chemical Formula
1. Aluminum Phosphide:
2. Magnesium Chloride:
3. Iron (III) Sulfide:
4. Chromium (II) Oxide:
5. Nickel (II) Bromide:
Ionic Bonding: 5.6
Infinite Campus Update:
Ionic Bonding Lab
Objectives:
Illustrate chemical bonding between elements
using Lewis Dot structures.
Identify and predict compound names and
formulas by element’s location on the periodic
table.
Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds
by their chemical and physical properties.
Ionic Compounds
Ionic Bonding: 5.7
Infinite Campus Update:
Ionic Bonding Lab
Objectives:
Illustrate chemical bonding between elements
using Lewis Dot structures.
Identify and predict compound names and formulas by
element’s location on the periodic table.
Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds
by their chemical and physical properties.
 Quiz over ionic compound nomenclature Thurs.
Ionic Compounds Nomenclature
A. Explain to a friend how you would name
an ionic compound. Provide at least two
examples that emphasize the type of
ions you might have to name in an ionic
compound.
B. Explain to a friend how you would derive
the formula of an ionic compound if you
were given its chemical name. Provide
two examples that illustrate the type of
ions you might encounter .
Ionic Compounds Nomenclature
A. Explain to a friend how you would name
an ionic compound. Provide at least two
examples that emphasize the type of
ions you might have to name in an ionic
compound.
B. Explain to a friend how you would derive
the formula of an ionic compound if you
were given its chemical name. Provide
two examples that illustrate the type of
ions you might encounter .
Ionic Bonding: 5.8
Due:
 Pre-Lab qts. from lab
 Explanation to friend about ionic compounds
Objectives:
Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using
Lewis Dot structures. (Quiz )
Identify and predict compound names and formulas by
element’s location on the periodic table. (Quiz)
Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds
by their chemical and physical properties. (Lab)
Ionic Compounds
Ionic vs. Covalent Properties Lab
Chemical Compounds Venn Diagram
Ionic Compounds
Covalent Compounds
Similarities
Ionic Bonding: 5.9
Objectives:
Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using
Lewis Dot structures. (Quiz )
Identify and predict compound names and formulas by
element’s location on the periodic table. (Quiz)
Identify and compare the two classes of compounds by
their chemical and physical properties. (Lab)
Ionic Compounds
Ionic Bonding: 5.12
Due:
•Ionic and Covalent Properties Lab
Objectives:
Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using
Lewis Dot structures.
Identify and predict compound names and formulas by
element’s location on the periodic table. (Ionic and
Covalent)
Identify and compare the two classes of compounds by
their chemical and physical properties. (Lab)
Ionic Bonding
Ionic vs. Covalent Cmpds. Properties 2nd
Properties
Solubility
Which are
Soluble?
Crystal
Growth
Slowest:
Fastest:
Electrical
Conduction
Which
conducted
electricity?
Melting
point time
Slowest?
Longest?
Grp 1
Grp 2
Grp 3
Grp 4
Grp 5
Grp 6
Grp 7
Chemical Bonding: Exit Slip
1.Classify each compound below as ionic or
covalent.
a.KCl
b. CO
c. H2O
d. MgCl2
Ionic Bonding Nomenclature
1. Derive the formula of these ionic compounds.
a. copper(I) sulfite
2. Derive the chemical name of the following
ionic compounds.
a. Cr(NO3)3
Chemical
Bonding
Ionic Bonding:
 Many times between a metal and a non-metal ion.
 Transfer of valence electrons.
 Electronegativity difference between bonded ions is
large.
 Ionic Bond = Intramolecular Forces
Covalent Bonding:
 Between two non-metals atoms.
 Share valence electron(s)
 Electronegativity difference between bonded atoms is
small.
 Covalent Bond = Intramolecular Forces
 Covalent compounds are also called molecules.
Electronegativity Values
Covalent Compounds
 Covalent compounds = molecules
 When naming covalent compounds prefixes
are primarily used. *Use flow chart*
Prefixes:
 Mon(o)=1 atom
Hexa = 6 atoms
 Di= 2 atoms
Hepta= 7 atoms
 Tri= 3 atoms
Octa= 8 atoms
 Tetra= 4 atoms
Nona= 9 atoms
 Penta= 5 atoms
Deca= 10 atoms
Chemical Bonding: 2.17.14
Infinite Campus Update
 Ionic Compound Nomenclature Quiz (9pts.)
 Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds Lab
(20pts.)
Objectives:
 I can distinguish between the properties of ionic and
covalent compounds.
 I can identify and predict compound names and
formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.
Chemical Bonding: 5.14
Infinite Campus Update:
 Ionic vs. Covalent Compound Properties Lab (20pts.)
Due:
 Chemical Compounds Wksht
 Polar Bear/Penguin Comic Strip Qts.
Objectives:
 Identify and predict compound names and formulas by
element’s location on the periodic table.
 Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using
Lewis Dot structures.
 Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds
by their chemical and physical properties.
Chemical Bonding: Bell Ringer
1. Classify as ionic or covalent.
a. CH4
b. CuO
c. PBr3
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
d. K3N
Which of the above compounds would…
conduct electricity?
have a lower melting point?
crystallize faster out of solution?
Considered brittle
Chemical Bonding: Bell Ringer
1. Classify as ionic or covalent.
a. CH4
b. CuO
c. PBr3
(C )
(I )
(C )
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
d. K3N
(I)
Which of the above compounds would…
conduct electricity? ionic
have a lower melting point? covalent
crystallize faster out of solution? ionic
Considered brittle ionic
Properties of Chemical Compounds
 Which kind of compounds conduct electricity
when dissolved in water?
7.2
Properties of Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds can conduct an electric
current when melted or dissolved in water.
Tap Water
•Ground water produced the
passageways at Mammoth
Cave.
•In so doing , it picks up many
regional minerals.
Properties of Chemical Compounds
7.2
 The orderly arrangement of atoms/ions
produces beautiful crystalline structure.
 Which compound from the lab produced crystals
faster/slower?

Ionic Compounds: Crystal Lattice
 Stronger attractive force between ions
 Faster crystal growth.
Covalent Compounds: Crystal Lattice
 Weaker attractive forces between covalent
compounds (molecules).
 Slower crystal growth.
o
o
C
C
o
o
C
http://iscience.ru/wpcontent/uploads/2008/12/sugar-molecule02.jpg
C
http://www.michigansugar.com/images/ag/
production/th_med_crystals.jpg
Melting Points of Compounds
 Which has a higher melting point?
 Does the table below prove or disprove your
conclusion from the lab? Explain your answer.
Chemical Compounds
Melting Point (oC)
Boiling Point (oC)
Cr2O3
2,266
4,000
SrF2
1,470
2,489
CCl4
-22.9
76.6
CH4O
-97.8
64.7
Chemical Compounds Article
Properties of Chemical Compounds
•Why do ionic compounds in general have
higher melting and boiling points?
stronger attractive forces between ions
Collection of Ionic Compounds
Collection of Covalent Compounds
Properties of Chemical Compounds
 Ionic Compounds are primarily solids at room
temperature.
 Molecules can be a solid, liquid, or gas at room
temp. Examples:
.
O2 and CH4
(C8H18)
(C8H8)
Properties of Chemical Compounds
•Which type of compound do you think is more
brittle when stress is applied to it?
Collection of Ionic Compounds
Collection of Covalent Compounds
Properties of Ionic Compounds
 Ionic crystals are brittle when stress is applied.
 Repulsion increases when similar ions are force
together. +
+ - + - +
+ - + -
+
+
-+ - +-
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/structures/ionicstruct.html
Properties of Molecules
 Molecules are more resilient (durable) than
ionic compounds.
 Why?
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/structures/ionicstruct.html
Chemical Bonding: 5.15
Due:
 Molecules Table Worksheet (molecular name).
Objectives:
 Identify and predict compound names and formulas by
element’s location on the periodic table.
 Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using
Lewis Dot structures.
 Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds
by their chemical and physical properties.
Chemical Bonding: Polarity Bell Ringer
1. What does the penguin and the polar
bear represent in the comic strip?
2. What does the ice cream scoops
represent in the comic strip?
3. a. What did the iceberg represent?
b. What is the trend in electronegativity
according to the iceberg illustration?
4. Explain using the illustrations the
difference between polar and non-polar
covalent bonds?
Electronegativity
Electronegativity Values
webassign.net
Electronegativity Values
webassign.net
Molecules: Lewis Dot Sharing
Molecular
Formula
Molecular Name
Electronegativity
Difference
Polar or Nonpolar Bonds?
Electronegativity Values
webassign.net
Covalent Bonds
Polar Bonds:
Non-Polar Bonds:
Prentice Hall KY Teacher Express, 2008
Covalent Bonds
Polar Bonds: Where atoms do NOT share bonded
electrons equally. Usually 2 different elements
making up the bond. Ex. N----F bond
Non-Polar Bonds: Where atoms share bonded
electrons equally or very close to it. Usually same
elements.
Ex. O-----O
Prentice Hall KY Teacher Express, 2008
Molecules: Lewis Dot Sharing
Molecular
Formula
Lewis Dot Sharing
Molecular
Structure
Polar or
Non-polar
Bonds?
Electronegativity Values
webassign.net
Chemical Bonding :
Electronegativity Difference