Game Animals Management
“Managing Nutrition”
Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed!
• HS‐LS4‐5. Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in
environmental conditions may result in: (1) increases in the number of
individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and
(3) the extinction of other species. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on
determining cause and effect relationships for how changes to the environment
such as deforestation, fishing, application of fertilizers, drought, flood, and the
rate of change of the environment affect distribution or disappearance of traits
in species.
Agriculture, Food, and Natural
Resource Standards Addressed
• FPP.02.01. Apply principles of nutrition and biology
to develop food products that provide a safe,
wholesome and nutritious food supply for local and
global food systems.
– FPP.02.01.01.a. Research and summarize properties of common
food constituents (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins,
minerals).
Bell Work / Objectives
• Describe essential nutrients that are needed
by animals.
• Identify food sources of plant origin.
• Identify environmental factors that affect the
food supply.
• Describe ways that humans can supplement
the natural food supply for wildlife.
Nutritional Label
• Lets discuss the nutrients that we
consume from this food.
– Fat
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Vitamins
– Minerals
• What nutrients do animals need?
Terms
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Drought
Energy nutrients
Flowers
Fruit
Leaves
Proteins
Minerals
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Nematodes
Nuts
Pods
Roots
Vitamins
Water
Essential Nutrients
• Nutrient requirements for wildlife
vary during the life cycle.
– Mature animals need nutrients to provide for
their activity, maintenance of their body, and
reproduction.
– Lactating females have increased need for
nutrients.
– Young animals have specific requirements to
support rapid growth.
What are the essential nutrients
needed by animals?
• Energy nutrients
• Proteins
• Minerals
• Vitamins
• Water
Energy Nutrients
• Carbohydrates
and fats provide;
– Energy is needed for
the animal to maintain
its body and to provide
for its activities.
– Sugars, starches, and
oils provide energy
nutrients.
Proteins
• Necessary for animal
growth, maintenance, and
reproduction.
• More protein is needed
during periods of active
growth and during lactation.
• Some animals, such as
carnivores, get protein from
eating other animals.
• Plant eating animals can
get protein from eating
seeds and young, tender
vegetation.
Minerals
• Needed for growth,
reproduction, and other
life functions.
• Very important for
bones, hooves, teeth,
antlers, horns, and
other similar body parts.
• Minerals are available
in the food and water
that animals consume.
Vitamins
• Regulate body
processes and can
be found in the foods
animals eat.
• Vitamins A, K, E, K,
and B complex are
very important for
animal health.
Water
• Nutrient that is very
important for animal
health.
• Animal consumption of
water varies by species
and location.
• As much as 40 percent of
an animals body is water.
• A good source of clean,
non-polluted water is
essential for animal health.
Essential Animal Nutrients
What are animal food sources that
come from plants?
• Plants provide many sources of food for
animals.
• Different animals utilize different parts
of plants.
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Leaves
Flowers
Fruit
Nuts
Seeds
Twigs & bark
Roots
Plant Parts
• Leaves – green, vegetative
part of the plant.
– Ruminant animals, such
as deer and bison, utilize
them extensively.
• Flowers – provide nectar
for various animals.
– Ex. bees, butterflies,
hummingbirds
Plant Parts
• Fruit – contains
seeds and other
edible parts.
–Grows on plants
after it has
flowered.
–Berries are one
example of fruit.
Plant Parts
• Nuts – grow on trees and
contain the seeds from the
tree, usually have a hard
outer shell.
– Acorns and pecans are
examples.
• Pods – seed from plants
that do not produce fruit or
nuts.
Plant Parts
• Twigs & Bark – Some insects
burrow into the bark of some trees
and sometimes deer will eat the
bark and twigs off trees.
• Roots – underground portion of the
plant.
–Rodents and nematodes (small
worms) for example.
What environmental factors can
affect the food supply for
animals?
• Weather
• Pests
• Fire
Weather Related Problems
• Drought – prolonged period
without enough rain.
– Mild droughts can cause
a decrease in production
of plant material.
– In severe cases, large
amounts of plant material
can be killed, thus
drastically affecting the
food supply.
Weather Related Problems
• Storms can remove vegetation,
fruits, nuts, and seeds from plants.
–Severe storms, such as tornados and
hurricanes can blow down trees and
other plant life.
–Ice storms can cause severe plant
damage and kill large numbers of
wildlife.
Weather Related Problems
• Floods can smother
plant life and kill it by
preventing respiration
and photosynthesis.
• Untimely freezes can
kill vegetation
prematurely, or cause
early season fruits to
drop to the ground.
Pests
• Pest outbreaks can severely affect
the food production of some plant
species.
• These can include insects and
disease.
• In some cases, insects and
diseases can destroy whole plant
communities.
Fire
• Each year, thousands of
acres of forest are
destroyed by fire.
• Sometimes these fires
are caused naturally by
lightening, while other
fires are caused by
human carelessness.
What can humans do to supplement
the natural food supply?
• Leaving strips of untilled land
around the edges of fields.
• These strips can provide both food
and cover for wildlife.
• Planting food producing trees,
shrubs, and other plants.
What can humans do to supplement
the natural food supply?
• When harvesting trees out of a
forest, leaving food producing trees.
• Provide corn and other feeds to
wildlife when needed.
• Providing fertilizers to ponds to
produce aquatic plants for fish to
consume.
Review / Summary
• What are the essential nutrients needed
by animals?
• What are animal food sources that
come from plants?
• What environmental factors can affect
the food supply for animals?
• What can humans do to supplement the
natural food supply?
The End!