Plagiarism, Paraphrasing and Citing
Sources
Plagiarism: Your Writing,
Not Someone Else's
WE REALLY WANT TO HEAR
WHAT YOU HAVE TO SAY
REALLY….
…SO WE ASK YOU TO
EDUCATE YOURSELF
ABOUT A TOPIC THEN
COME UP WITH YOUR
OWN OPINIONS, IDEAS
AND SOLUTIONS BASED
ON THAT EVIDENCE AND
PRESENT THEM IN AN
ORGANIZED FASHION.
Source: www.ospolitics.org
THE RESEARCH
PAPER/PROJECT
There are universal rules and
conventions for putting together your
paper/project and they are used by
colleges and universities across the
country.
• Format of the Paper
• How to use and “cite” your sources
to avoid plagiarism
Style Manuals
WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
Plagiarism is when a writer fails to give credit to
sources of information, or makes it appear as
though someone else’s work is his or her own.
This failure may arise out of misuse (whether
intentional or unintentional) of another person’s
words, ideas, arguments, or graphics.
School Handbook
They Walk Among Us
The Reverend
The NPR Reporter
Failing to Give Credit or
Plagiarism Comes in Many
Varieties
• Purchasing or
copying whole
papers
• Resubmitting an
old paper
• Copying parts of a
paper aka the cut &
paste
• Bad Paraphrasing
Source: digispacerecords.com/
plagiarism.jpg
It’s all about
PERSONAL INTEGRITY
What does it mean to you?
Integrity without
knowledge is weak
and useless, and
knowledge without
integrity is dangerous
and dreadful. Samuel
Johnson
Source: www.sci-con.org/
reviews/images/Monkey.jpg
OK, YOU KNEW IT WAS
COMING……
According to the University of California, Davis,
•
It is wrong to take or use property (an author's work) without giving the owner the value or
credit due. Further, copyright violations can result in fines or damages.
•
Plagiarism devalues others' original work. Submitting a professional writer's work as yours is
taking an unfair advantage over students who do their own work.
•
[The Schools] reputation affects the value of your degree; student dishonesty hurts
[the schools] standing and can make your diploma worth less.
•
If you plagiarize, you are cheating yourself. You don't learn to write out your thoughts in
your own words, and you don't get specific feedback geared to your individual needs and
skills. Plagiarizing a paper is like sending a friend to practice tennis for you - you'll never score
an ace yourself!
•
Plagiarism is dishonest because it misrepresents the work of another as your own.
•
Plagiarism violates [the School’s] Code of Academic Conduct and can result in Suspension
or Dismissal.
Reproduced from Student Judicial Affairs.
Bracketed phrases inserted.
“Avoiding Plagiarism.”
So when we use someone else’s words, ideas,
arguments, or graphics we need to acknowledge
that in our paper by proper paraphrasing,
quoting and citations.
Except if that information is common knowledge.
SAY THAT AGAIN…
Paraphrase or Indirect Quotation - to
express another’s ideas in your own words
and properly cite.
Direct Quotation - to copy another’s words
exactly, put in quotations and properly cite.
Citation - give credit to or reference a
source.
In-Text Citation Refers to
Works
Cited
Page
Works Cited
AKA References/Bibliography
Sum, Henry. Turning Orange.
Leland: Big Wave Books,
2005. MY PAPER
Skin pigment may turn
color for a variety or
reasons. According to
Mr. Sum, you will turn
orange if you eat too
many carrots (33).
Works Cited
Sum, Henry. Turning
Orange. Leland: Big
Wave Books, 2005.
Paraphrasing is rewriting someone
else’s ideas in your own words and
using an in-text citation like:
Effect of Carrots
by Henry Sum
In a recent study of
tenth graders from
Leland, the majority
of students who five
pound of carrots
every day for lunch
turned orange after
two weeks.
33
According to Mr. Sum, you will
turn orange if you eat too many
carrots (33).
An expert on the effects of eating of
carrots, Mr. Sum, claims students
will turn orange when they eat too
many (33).
Paraphrasing
That deaf, dumb, and blind kid sure plays a mean
pinball!
-The Who, "Pinball Wizard“
That acoustically challenged, non-verbal speaking,
visually disadvantaged young person, engages in a
positive pinball experience.
-Keith and Jason
You try…
• Read and totally understand!
• Don’t look at the original if it
helps you.
• Write in your own words.
• Use a “signal phrase” to cite
(claims, argues, illustrates).
Driving teen egos--and buying--through 'branding'
BY KAREN KERSTING
By the time children reach their
teens, a developmental stage
when they're naturally insecure
and searching for a personal
identity, they've been taught that
material possessions are what
matter, Kanner says. Advertisers
understand the teen's desire to be
"cool," and manipulate it to sell
their wares…
10
My Paraphrase
Kersting believes
that advertisers
capitalize on the fact
that teenagers are
naturally vulnerable
and insecure (10).
Works Cited
Kersting, Karen. “Driving
teen egos and buying
through branding.”
Advertising Age
November 2005: 5.
Or, if they say it better…
Use Quotations
According to Kersting,
teens are “naturally
insecure and
searching for a
personal identity…”
(5).
And because teens are
“naturally insecure and
searching for a
personal identity…”
(Kersting 5).
Works Cited
Kersting, Karen.
“Driving teen egos
and buying through
branding.”
Advertising Age
November 2005: 5.
To Avoid Problems
• Always ask your
teacher for his or her
expectations. Do we
cite our sources.
• Organize your
research.
• Keep a citation guide
on hand.
I found your speech to be
good and original. However,
the part that was original
was not good and the part
that was good was not
original.
Samuel Johnson
(1709-1784)
Works Consulted and Cited
Department of Interdisciplinary Studies. “Guidelines
for Dealing with Plagiarism: A guide for
understanding, preventing and adjudicating
student plagiarism” Wayne State University. Web.
27 April 2005.
Goss, Anthony. Lincoln's Own Stories. New York:
Fredonia Books, 2001. Print.
Keith and Jason. “Computer Team Help Pages.” Southern
Illinois University. 20 April 2005
compucomp/Activities/Research/pcpara.htm>.
“Plagiarism: What It Is, Why it’s Wrong, and How to
Avoid It.” Chowan College Center for Ethics Chowan
College Department of Language & Literature 24
April 2005.
A Few MLA Tips
• The titles of big things are always
italicized, while the titles of little things are
placed within quotation marks.
• Always end with format.
HELP
Citation Builder
This online tool will let you cite in MLA, APA, CSE, and Chicago style. The
variety of sources (e.g. cartoon, e-mail, MUD posting, musical composition, etc.) that you can choose from is
almost too good to be true!
Citation Maker
Simple and easy to use, this tool will create MLA and APA style citations. Don't
forget to save your work!
EasyBib
NoodleBib Express
This webpage will create an MLA style bibliography for you that you can then export to Word.
The Express version of NoodleBib is free to use to generate MLA,
APA, and Chicago/Turabian citations. Not being able to save your work isn't a problem; just copy and paste the
citations you generate into your document.
Zotero
Firefox extension allows you to store, manage, and cite your sources
.
11. Paraphrase the following paragraph in the space provided. You may use
quotations, citations or both. Include the in-text citation.
New Scientist, March 2006, page 7
Life on Mars by Jeremy Jackson
Scientists are now one step closer to discovering life on Mars. Recent test
results transmitted from probe 11 identified water and oxygen on the planet
in previously unmeasurable amounts. It is widely accepted that water and
oxygen are needed to support life as we know it. Further testing will
continue when the probe makes it's second transmission of data to earth in
January. The discovery now fuels the debate that we are probably not alone
in the universe. According to scientist, Jon Kiessel, "the chances that life
exists or that it existed on Mars are very good now that we know the
atmosphere can sustain it. The next year will be devoted to discovering
evidence of life." Despite an inhospitable climate, freezing cold
temperatures and desert like conditions, scientists expect to find dormant
forms of life or even evidence that life that flourished in the past.
12. Use the MLA site to write a citation for the source presented above.
The citation will correspond to the in-text citation above and appear in the
Works Consulted list.
Test Yourself
1.
T
F
A Works Consulted or Works Cited is an alphabetical list of your sources at the end of your paper. It
tell the reader where you got your information and enables them to find the information.
2.
T
F
An in-text citation contains author and page number of the source and refers the reader to a Works
Consulted and/or Works Cited list at the end of your paper.
3.
T
F
Handing in a paper that you previously wrote for another class is acceptable.
4.
T
F
"Cut and pasting" parts of a a website into your paper is acceptable as long you don't use the whole
site.
5.
T
F
Copying an image like a picture or graph or chart from the internet is acceptable provided it is
educational purposes and cited.
6.
T
F
You only have to cite information that you are quoting.
7.
T
F
You have to cite information that is paraphrased.
8.
T
F
To paraphrase you just rearrange the sentences or change a few words in the paragraph.
9..
T
F
The president of the United States is George Bush is common knowledge.
10
T
F
Thirty-eight tons of fruit was exported from Leelanau county last year is common knowledge.
Name ___________________________________ Points ___________
1.
T
F
A Works Consulted or Works Cited is an alphabetical list of your sources at the end of your paper. It
tell the reader where you got your information and enables them to find the information.
2.
T
F
An in-text citation contains author and page number of the source and refers the reader to a Works
Consulted and/or Works Cited list at the end of your paper.
3.
T
F
Handing in a paper that you previously wrote for another class is acceptable.
4.
T
F
"Cut and pasting" parts of a a website into your paper is acceptable as long you don't use the whole
site.
5.
T
F
Copying an image like a picture or graph or chart from the internet is acceptable provided it is
educational purposes and cited.
6.
T
F
You only have to cite information that you are quoting.
7.
T
F
You have to cite information that is paraphrased.
8.
T
F
To paraphrase you just rearrange the sentences or change a few words in the paragraph.
9..
T
F
The president of the United States is George Bush is common knowledge.
10
T
F
Thirty-eight tons of fruit was exported from Leelanau county last year is common knowledge.
Points _________ / 10
Name ___________________________________
11. Paraphrase the following paragraph in the space provided. You may use quotations, citations or
both. Include the in-text citation. Points ____ / 5
12. Use the MLA site to write a citation for the source presented above.
The citation will correspond to the in-text citation above and appear in the Works Consulted list.
Points _____ / 5