- it is a tailless amphibian with a short
squat body, moist smooth skin, and very
long hind legs for leaping.
- Frogs are a kind of small animal belonging to a
group called vertebrates known as amphibians. This
mean that they live part of their life in water and the
other part of it on land.
Frog Anatomy
Differences:
-Two Bulging Eyes
- Strong, Long Webbed
Hind Feet
- Smooth or Slimy Skin
- Lay Eggs in Clusters
-Poison Glands Behind Legs
- Stubby Bodies with Short
Hind Legs
- Warty and Dry Skin
- Lay Eggs in Long Chain
G
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MOST POISONOUS FROGS
FROGS THAT LIVES IN WATER
Golden Yellow Poison
Dart Frog
Red-backed
Poison Frog
Black-legged
Poisonous Frog
Blue Poison Arrow Frog
*Click the picture to view details
Mint Green Poison
Dart Frog
Strawberry Frog
Golden Yellow Poison Frog
Phyllobates terribilis
• considered to be one of the most
intelligent anurans.
• not venomous but poisonous.
• harmless when raised away from its
natural food source.
• skin is the poisonous part which is
densely coated in alkaloid toxin.
•Lead to heart failure or fibrillation.
Golden Yellow Poison Frog is a very important frog to the local indigenous cultures,
such as the Choco Emberá people in Colombia's rainforest. The frog is the main source of
the poison in the darts used by the natives to hunt their food. They are also extremely
successful tongue hunters, using their long, adhesive tongues to catch food, and almost
never miss a strike.
Red-backed Poison Frog
(Ranitomeya reticulatus)
• The poison is stored in skin glands just
beneath the frog's epidermis.
• The poison seeps through open
wounds and orifices, and, it is believed,
through the pores.
• Males can reach approximately 12 mm
in length from snout to vent, while the
larger females may reach 15 or even
20 mm long.
Ranitomeya reticulata is one of the smaller species of poison dart frogs. To advertise its
poison, it displays its brilliant warning colors, especially its red-orange back, for which it
is named. It does not manufacture its poison itself, but rather is theorized to take the
toxins from the ants, mites, and beetles on which it lives. It absorbs the insects' poisons
into its body, which is immune to the poison.
Mint Green Poison Dart Frog
(Dendrobates auratus)
• a medium-sized poison dart frog.
• is a brightly colored member of the
order Anura native to Central
America and northwestern parts
of South America.
•. Males reach about 0.75 inch long;
females are slightly larger, up to an
inch long or bigger.
The mint poison frog is in all ways an average poison dart frog. Only release its poison
if it feels that it is threatened, and wild specimens can be handled if the human holding it
is calm and relaxed. It loses its toxicity in captivity due to a change in diet. This has led
scientists to believe that the green-and-black poison frog actually takes its poison from
the mites it feeds on.
Black-Legged Poison Dart Frog
Phyllobates bicolor
• It lives in the lowland forests in
the Chocó area in western Colombia,
along the San Juan river.
• one of the few poison dart frogs to
primarily secrete batrachotoxins through
its skin.
• The poison causes death by respiratory
and muscular paralysis.
• As with all dart frogs, captive-raised
individuals are not toxic.
Phyllobates bicolor are usually coloured similarly to P. terribilis. Their primary colour ranges
from earthy orange to pure yellow. The limbs and belly are flecked with black- this is one of the
best ways to differentiate the two species, as the golden poison dart frog lacks these black
flecks. They are also more slimline than golden poison dart frogs, which are larger and heavily
muscled.
Blue Poison Arrow Frog
Dendrobates azureus
• weighs about 8 grams and grows to 3.04.5 cm in length. Females are larger and
about half a centimeter longer than males,
but males have larger toes.
• The
glands
of
poisonous alkaloids located in the skin
serve as a defense mechanism to potential
predators.
• The
glands
of
poisonous alkaloids located in the skin
serve as a defense mechanism to potential
predators
Dendrobates tinctorius is a mainland animal, but stays close to water sources. These frogs
spend most of their awake time, during the day, hopping around in short leaps. They are very
territorial and aggressive both towards their own species and others. Feeding on primarily
insects, such as ants, flies, and caterpillars.
Strawberry Poison Dart Frog
(Oophaga pumilio)
• is a species of small amphibian poison
dart frog found in Central America.
• not the most poisonous of the
Oophaga but is the most toxic member
of its genus.
• The frogs, like most poison dart frogs,
are
harmless
when
not
fed ants or beetles, resulting in their
becoming a rather popular exotic pets.
Oophaga pumilio is diurnal and primarily terrestrial, and can often be found in leaf litter in
both forested and disturbed areas. Though brightly colored and toxic, these frogs are relatively
small, growing to approximately 17.5–22 mm in standard length. Males are extremely
territorial, guarding small territories. Females and juveniles are far more sociable.
Short-footed Frog
(Cyclorana brevipes)
- is a small, burrowing frog native to
eastern Queensland, Australia.
- small, round frog with comparatively
large head and eyes. The dorsal surface
varies from dull brown to sandy yellow,
and has large dark, blotches
The Short-footed Frog habits dry forest and grassland, where it burrows underground for
most of the year. During times of rain, the frogs will emerge from their burrows, and
congregate around flooded clay pans. The males will call from the edge of the water; the call
is a drawn out growl. The eggs are laid in large clumps within the water. The tadpoles develop
quickly in warm water to avoid it drying before metamorphosis.
Northern Leopard Frog
(Lithobates pipiens)
- is a species of leopard frog from
the true frog family, native to parts
of Canada and United States.
Northern leopard frogs have a wide range of habitats. They are found in permanent ponds,
swamps, marshes, and slow-moving streams throughout forest, open, and urban areas. They
normally inhabit water bodies with abundant aquatic vegetation.
They eat a wide variety of animals, including crickets, flies, worms, and smaller frogs. Using
their large mouths, they can even swallow birds and garter snakes.
Albanian water frog
(Pelophylax shqipericus)
- is a species of true frog in the
family Ranidae and is native
to Albania andMontenegro.
The Albanian water frog is an endangered species and known populations are currently in
decline. Significant threats to its habitat are presented by pollution and by drainage of
wetlands, and a more direct threat is the aggressive collection of the species for commercial
purposes. As befits a species that prefers wetland habitats, the webbing on the feet extends to
the tips of the toes.
Rhacophond Rhacophorus
Georgii Frog
(Rhacophoridae)
- from Sulawesi, Indonesia
The morphology and habitat of oviposition and the tadpole of Rhacophorus georgii are
described, and counts of ovarian egg compliments reported. Tadpoles were located in water
pools in cavities of tree trunks in the Lambusango Reserve, Buton Island, southeast
Sulawesi. The tadpole generally conforms to a lentic, benthic morphotype, with an
anteroventral mouth, somewhat depressed body and notably elongated tail. Foamy egg
masses were located attached to the trunks of trees, 1.3 cm above water-filled tree cavities.
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the following questions about the passage.
Frogs live on land and in water. Frogs have long back legs and short bodies. Their
eyes stick out. They do not have tails. Most of the time they move in water, but they can
also move on land. Frogs have smooth, not bumpy, skin. they can breathe through their
skin. Their skin must stay wet so they can breathe through it. Young frogs must breath
through their skin. Older frogs grow lungs. They can breathe through their lungs when
they are on land, just like people do. Frogs lay their eggs in ponds and other bodies of
water, like lakes.
Frogs must move fast to catch something to eat. They must also get away from
bigger animals. Some frogs have webs of skin between their toes. Webbed toes are good
because it helps them to swim very fast. Tree frogs have toe pads. The toe pads help them
hang on when they climb. When they climb, they move up trees or rocks. Some tree frogs
live high in very tall trees. Those tree frogs have webs between their toes. They can jump
from tree to tree. They can't fly, but they can stay in the air for a long jump.
Choose the letter of the correct answer to help the Frog pick the food.
QUESTION # 1:
A young frog's skin must stay wet so...
A. the frog can swim.
C. the frog can lay eggs.
B. the frog can climb.
D. The frogs can breathe.
Read
again
NEXT
Choose the letter of the correct answer to help the Frog pick the food.
QUESTION # 2:
Where do frogs lay their eggs?
A. In Water.
C. In Trees.
B. On Land.
D. Under Rocks.
Read
again
NEXT
Choose the letter of the correct answer to help the Frog pick the food.
QUESTION # 3:
How young and old frogs different?
A. Only older frogs have
lungs.
C. Only young frogs can live in
water.
B. Only young frogs can swim.
D. Only older frogs must have
wet skin
Read
again
NEXT
Choose the letter of the correct answer to help the Frog pick the food.
QUESTION # 4:
Some frogs have toe pads to help them...
A. Climb.
C. Jump.
B. Swim.
D. Fly.
Read
again
NEXT
Choose the letter of the correct answer to help the Frog picking the food.
QUESTION # 5:
What helps frogs swim and jump?
A. Toe Pads.
C. Their smooth skin.
B. Their Lungs.
D. Webs of skin between their
toes.
Read
again
FINISH