Physical Science
Warm-up (9-8-14)
• Determine the independent and dependent variables, as
well as the control group, experimental group, and the
constants in the following scenario.
– Tim just started a new landscaping company. He decides to test
how well his lawn mower works to see if he needs a new one.
He rents three high powered mowers from the store and tests
them along with his current mower on the same size lawns.
• Earth Systems:
– What do you find most interesting about the solar system?
– Do you think that various phenomena in space impact or affect
us here on Earth? Why / Why Not?
Warm-up (9-9-14)
• What is matter?
• How does matter influence your daily lives?
• Is gas considered matter?
Outline for the Day
•
•
•
•
•
Objectives
Why do I care?
Lab Notebook Setup
Demo!
Matter and Energy
Objectives
• To observe some properties of gas
• To understand gas as a state of matter
• To introduce the concept of matter and mass
and volume
Why do I care?
• Everything that has mass and takes up space is
matter.
Lab Notebook Setup
• The first 2 pages (front and back) need to be
kept for a table of contents
– Label the tops of those pages “Table of Contents”
• On the first page after your Table of Contents,
or page 5 is where we will begin our Lab
information
p. 5 Pouring Gases
• Predict:
– (Write a prediction of what you think will happen)
• Observe:
– (What do you see, what do you notice?)
• Explain:
– (Why did this happen? What evidence do you have
that helps you explain what just happened?)
What’s the big idea?
• Everything that has mass and takes up space is
matter.
– Matter has mass and volume
– Matter is made of atoms
– Matter combines to form different substances
– Matter exists in different physical states
Warm-up (9-10-14)
• What is volume?
• Are mass and volume related at all?
• Does mass affect volume?
Outline for the Day
• Objectives
• Matter and Energy
Objectives
• To introduce the concept of matter and mass
and volume
• To understand what an atom is and how it is
important to our lives
What’s the big idea?
• Everything that has mass and takes up space is
matter.
– Matter has mass and volume
– Matter is made of atoms
– Matter combines to form different substances
– Matter exists in different physical states
What’s the big idea?
• Everything that has mass and takes up space is
matter.
– Matter has mass and volume
– Matter is made of atoms
– Matter combines to form different substances
– Matter exists in different physical states
1.1
Matter has mass and volume.
matter
mass
weight
volume
Mass is a measure of how much matter an object
contains.
SIMULATION
CLASSZONE.COM
Compare weights on different
planets.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
1.1
Matter has mass and volume.
matter
mass
weight
volume
Volume is the measure of the amount of space
matter occupies.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
1.2
Matter is made of atoms.
An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter.
Two or more atoms bonded together form a molecule.
Atoms and molecules are always in motion.
atom
molecule
hydrogen
oxygen
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
water
SECTION
OUTLINE
1.3
Matter combines to form different substances.
Matter can be pure, such as an element (gold), or a
compound (water).
element
compound
mixture
Element:
Gold
Compound: Dry
Ice
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
1.3
Matter combines to form different substances.
Matter can be pure, such as an element (gold), or a
compound (water).
Matter can be a mixture. Mixtures contain two or more
pure substances.
element
compound
mixture
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
1.4
Matter exists in different physical states.
Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape.
states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
1.4
Matter exists in different physical states.
Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape.
Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
1.4
Matter exists in different physical states.
Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape.
Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
Gases have no fixed volume and no fixed shape.
states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
1.4
Matter exists in different physical states.
Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape.
Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
Gases have no fixed volume and no fixed shape.
states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
SIMULATION
CLASSZONE.COM
Explore the behavior of a
gas.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
Warm-up (9-11-14)
• What is one interesting thing about liquids?
• What is one thing about gases that is different
from liquids?
Outline for the Day
• Objectives
• Matter and Energy
Objectives
• To explore states of matter as well as phase
changes.
p. 6 Changing the States of Matter
• We will be watching a simulation of what
happens as matter changes states.
• You are to write down all of your observations,
I will give you more detail once you see the
beginning of the simulation
States of Matter and Phase Changes
• http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/state
s-of-matter
Warm-up (9-12-14)
• What are some general statements that can
be made about the motion of atoms when
they are either heated or cooled?
Outline for the Day
• Objectives
• Matter and Energy
Objectives
• To explore states of matter and their
properties.
Bill Nye States of Matter
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gxwj24m
REyA
• During the video, get out a separate piece of
paper.
• You need to write down 5 questions / things
that you found interesting.
• After the video is over, you need to write a
summary in your own words of what the video
was about.
Work Time
• This is your time to work on your study guide
and/or your vocab!
• Use it wisely
Warm-up (9-15-14)
• What are three phases of matter?
• What does absolute zero mean?
Outline for the Day
•
•
•
•
•
Objectives
Phases of Matter Notes
Simulation
Properties of Gases
Matter and Energy
Objectives
• To explain the 4 phases of matter and the
properties of each phase
• To explore what happens when changing
pressure and temperature of atoms
Phases of Matter
•
•
•
•
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Solid
Properties of Solids
• Fixed volume and fixed shape
• Particles are close together and usually form a
rectangular pattern
• Each particle is attached to several others, so
individual particles cannot move from one
location to another
– This makes the solid rigid
Liquid
Properties of Liquids
• Fixed volume but no fixed shape
• Take on the shape of the container they are in
• Particles are attracted to one another and are
close together
• Particles are not fixed in place and can move
from one place to another
Warm-up (9-16-14)
• Summarize what you learned yesterday about
the phases of matter and their properties.
Outline for the Day
•
•
•
•
•
Objectives
Phases of Matter Notes
Simulation
Properties of Gases
Matter and Energy
Objectives
• To explain the 4 phases of matter and the
properties of each phase
• To explore what happens when changing
pressure and temperature of atoms
Gas
Properties of Gases
• No fixed volume or shape
• Can take on both the shape and the volume of a
container
• Particles are not close to each other and can
move easily in any direction
• Much more space between gas particles than
there is in solids or liquids
• Space between particles can increase or decrease
with changes in temperature and pressure
Plasma
Properties of Plasma
• Made of charged particles
– Every particle can interact with every other
particle, even over long distances
– Can form waves and complex motion
• 99% of the universe is made of plasmas
Warm-up (9-17-14)
• How is an object’s weight affected by gravity?
(Think of how much we weighed on different
planets)
• How is an object’s mass affected by gravity?
Outline for the Day
•
•
•
•
•
Objectives
Unifying Principle
Gas Behavior
Mass and Volume Lab Prep
Study Guide and Vocab Work Time or Begin
Mass and Volume Lab
Objectives
• To determine characteristics of the behavior of
gases
• To demonstrate that gas and liquid are matter
because they take up space
Unifying Principle
• Matter changes form and moves from place to
place.
• *Read*
• Close your eyes. Listen to the scenario. Write
down where the matter went. Think about
what happened to the water, think about
what happened to the rock.
p. 7 Properties of Gases
• We will be watching a simulation of what
happens as matter changes states.
• You are to write down all of your observations,
I will give you more detail once you see the
beginning of the simulation
Properties of Gases
• http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gasproperties
Behavior of Gases
• When temperature is held constant…
– if pressure increases then volume decreases
• When volume is held constant…
– if temperature increases then pressure increases
• When pressure is held constant…
• if temperature increases then volume
increases
Mass and Volume Lab Prep
• Read through the Lab
• Highlight and underline important things to
remember or know while working in the lab
Warm-up (9-18-14)
• What are some general statements you can
make about pressure and the movement of
atoms?
Outline for the Day
• Objectives
• Mass and Volume Lab
Objectives
• To determine the properties of mass and
volume and to practice using equipment to
find both mass and volume of items.
Warm-up (9-22-14)
• What are some general statements you can
make about temperature and the movement
of atoms?
• Which measurement involves the pull of
gravity, mass or weight?
Outline for the Day
• Objectives
• Mass and Volume Lab
• Density information
Objectives
• To determine the properties of mass and
volume and to practice using equipment to
find both mass and volume of items.
Warm-up (9-23-14)
• Are a graduated cylinder and a beaker the
same thing?
• Explain what a graduated cylinder is and what
it is used for.
• Explain what a beaker is.
Outline for the Day
•
•
•
•
Objectives
Mass and Volume Lab
Density
Density Tower
Objectives
• To explore the concept of density and to
construct a density tower
Discussion
• Mass and Volume
– If gram was the standard unit of measure for
mass…
– What is the standard unit of measure for weight?
• Kilogram
Hmmm… What’s this all about?
• Matter has both mass and volume. However,
matter also has a property known as density.
Density
• What is density?
– Mass / Volume
– Compactness
– How much mass there is per unit of volume
– How much stuff can we cram into a tiny bit of
space
p. 8 Density Tower
Predict:
Observe:
Explain:
• Explain
Density Tower
• If you were absent, set up your notebook and
watch the demonstration with this link
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDkJuo_LYs
Warm-up (9-24-14)
• What does it mean if something is dense?
• Density describes what about an object?
Outline for the Day
• Objectives
• Density Simulation
• Rock Candy Experiment Prep
Objectives
• To explore and explain the concept of density
and to construct a density tower
• To explore the concept of density using a
simulation
• To demonstrate phase changes of matter by
creating rock candy.
p. 9 Density Simulation
Predict:
Observe:
Explain:
• Explain
Density
• http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/densi
ty
Rock Candy Experiment Prep.
• Read through the procedures
• http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/ex
periments/homemade-rock-candy#
Warm-up (9-25-14)
• Can density be applied to solids and gases, or
is it only a property of liquids? Explain your
answer.
• How does density affect an object or a liquid?
Outline for the Day
•
•
•
•
Objectives
Rock Candy Experiment
Notes
Study Guide Work Time
Objectives
• To demonstrate phase changes of matter by
creating rock candy.
Rock Candy Experiment Prep.
• Read through the procedures
• http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/ex
periments/homemade-rock-candy#
p. 10 Rock Candy Experiment
• Predict:
• Observe:
• Explain:
Warm-up (9-26-14)
• Write down all of the parts of experimental
design for the Rock Candy experiment.
– Include all of the parts:
– Purpose, Independent Variable, Dependent
Variable, Control, Constants…. (etc.)
Outline for the Day
• Objectives
• Rock Candy Check
• Quiz
Objectives
• To demonstrate phase changes of matter by
creating rock candy.
Quiz
• No Talking.
• This is an individual quiz
• You need to make sure that you are using
complete sentences and explaining your
thoughts.
• Please provide well-developed ideas and good
sentence structure. Yes, you will be graded on
this!
Warm up (9-29-14)
• What is air pressure?
• How does air pressure relate to the states of
matter?
Outline
• Objectives
• Lab Notebook Setup
• Can Crusher
Objectives
• To determine what causes a soda can to crush
• To explain properties of air pressure
p. 11 Can Crusher
• Predict:
• Observe: (Draw a picture, as well as describe
what happened)
• Explain:
Can Crusher
• http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/ex
periments/incredible-can-crusher
• If you’re gone, watch the following link after
setting up your notebook
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVayky_
b-6U
• Explain:
Warm up (9-30-14)
• Use what you know about the 4 states of
matter (particularly gases) to explain how air
pressure changes and what can cause it to
change.
Outline
• Objectives
• Lab Notebook Setup
• Can Crusher
Objectives
• To determine what causes a soda can to crush
• To explain properties of air pressure
p. 11 Can Crusher
• Predict:
• Observe: (Draw a picture, as well as describe
what happened)
• Explain:
Can Crusher
• http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/ex
periments/incredible-can-crusher
• If you’re gone, watch the following link after
setting up your notebook
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVayky_
b-6U
• Explain:
Outline
• Objectives
• Can Crusher Follow Up
• Buoyancy
Objectives
• To explain air pressure and how this affected
the can crusher experiment.
Warm up (10-1-14)
• (Use what you know about density to try to
explain buoyancy.)
• What do you think buoyancy means?
• How do you think buoyancy affects boats?
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
Objectives
Story Time!
Buoyancy
Lab Notebook Setup
Float Your Boat
Objectives
• To determine what buoyancy is and to explore
the concept
Story Time!!
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMNwX
UCXLdk
• http://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimed
es/Crown/CrownIntro.html
Buoyancy
• http://www2.dusd.net/staff/jklingelsmith/JKli
ng/NOTES_files/Buoyancy%20NotesPDF.pdf
p. 12-13 Float Your Boat - Buoyancy
Warm up (10-2-14)
• What do you think the difference is between
buoyancy and density?
Outline
• Objectives
• Buoyancy
• Float Your Boat
Objectives
• To explore the concept of buoyancy by
creating a Styrofoam boat
Warm up (10-3-14)
• Explain how you went about constructing your
boat.
• Did your group develop a plan first? Why do
you think developing a plan would be
important.
Outline
•
•
•
•
Objectives
Clean up Rock Candy and Draw conclusions
Buoyancy
Float Your Boat
Objectives
• To explore the concept of buoyancy by
creating a Styrofoam boat
Warm up (10-6-14)
Explain how density, mass, and volume are
related.
• What are the 4 phases of matter and how do
molecules behave in each phase?
Outline
•
•
•
•
Objectives
Lab Wrap up
Galileo’s thermometer
Review / Lab and Information wrap UP
Objectives
• To review Ch. 1 and the Lab activities to
prepare for Ch. 1 test
Galileo’s Thermometer
• temperature of the air outside the
thermometer changes, so does the
temperature of the water inside.
– When temp. changes, what is happening to
molecules?
• Expanding or contracting (changing density)
– So, at any given density, some of the bubbles will
float and others will sink.
– The bubble that sinks the most indicates the
approximate current temperature.
Review!
• What characteristic of CO2 is shared with
liquids that allows you to classify it as a liquid?
• What is Galileo’s thermometer? And how does
it work?
Warm up (10-7-14)
• Write down everything you remember from
ch. 1 (think about states of matter, atoms,
elements, compounds, buoyancy, density, and
the labs that we did)
Outline
• Objectives
• Test
Objectives
• To review Ch. 1 and the Lab activities to
prepare for Ch. 1 test
Test
• No talking.
• Write your answers only on the answer sheet.
• DO NOT WRITE ON THE TEST