Unit 5: Ancient Rome (Part II)
After the Punic Wars
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After the Punic Wars, Rome
conquered new territories in
Northern Italy & gained great
wealth.
One of the generals who led
Rome’s expansion was a
politician named Julius Caesar.
Problems for the Roman Republic
Rome’s expansion brought wealth, but
also created problems:
 __________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
o ____________________
____________________
______________________________________________________________________________
o __________________________________________  _________________________________
 ___________________________________ became more powerful than the _____________________
 Struggles for power led to a series of civil wars in Rome
Attempts at Reform
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___________________________________________________________________________________
Attempted to limit land holdings of aristocrats – ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Results: Both leaders assassinated
Century of civil war: Senate vs. political leaders
The First Triumvirate
1) ____________________________________
2) ____________________________________
3) ____________________________________
 Political disagreements led Caesar and Pompey
to command rival armies.
 Caesar gained support of army and masses.
The Rise & Fall of Julius Caesar
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Julius Caesar took advantage of the chaos in Rome & was named __________________
by the senate in 46 B.C.
o A dictator is ruler who heads the military and controls with ________________
He initiated a series of reforms that _________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
In 44 B.C., Senators assassinated Julius Caesar
The assassination led to another civil war led by
Caesar’s grandnephew Octavian, his best general,
Mark Antony, and a politician named Lepidus.
Second Triumvirate
1)
2)
3)
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•
•
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Octavian
Mark Antony
Lepidus
Purged republic of Caesar’s enemies
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Octavian accused Antony of wanting to rule
Rome from Egypt
_____________________  _______________
___________  _________________________
End of the Republic & Rise of the Empire
■ Caesar’s death changed Rome:
– _________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
■ Octavian emerged as the unchallenged leader of Rome, was given the
title _______________________________________________________
■ Under Augustus, Rome was ruled as an empire; the Senate still met but
___________________________________________________________
Imperial Rome’s Government
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1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Stable Government
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
The Pax Romana
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Augustus’ 41 year reign marked the beginning of a __________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
During the Pax Romana, the empire expanded to its height & brought great wealth to Rome.
The Pax Romana became the ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
o Colosseum 80 A.D.
 ______________________________________
 Held 50,000 people
o Circus Maximus
 _______________________________________
 Held 250,000
 _______________________________________
Roman Civil Service
■ Rome’s 1st emperor, Augustus, created several systems to help himself rule the enormous empire
better.
■ Augustus set up a _____________________________________________________________________
■ ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Conclusions: Republic to Empire
■ Rome expanded from a city, to a republic, to an empire
– The era of the Roman Republic introduced representative democracy
– The era of the Roman Empire sparked the Pax Romana & the “golden age” of Roman innovation
& culture.
Bad Emperors and Good Emperors during the Pax Romana
1. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________
Roman Society
Changing Role of Women
• Women ran businesses
• Supported arts and wealthy
• Most worked at home
Education
• Girls and Boys read and write
• Greeks educated wealthy
• Rhetoric important