Medical
Terminology
Organization of the Body
Organization of the Body
Objectives:
 To
name the body systems and their functions
 To identify body cavities and specific organs
within them
 To list the divisions of the back
 To identify three planes of the body
 To analyze, pronounce, and spell new terms
 To apply medical terms in real-life situations
Levels of structure (Part 1)
 Cells


Smallest units in the
body, specialized
Different types:
 Muscle
cells
 Nerve cells
 Skin (epithelial) cells
 Bone cells
 And many more!
Levels of structure (Part 2)
 Tissues


Similar cells that are
grouped together
Examples: muscle tissue,
epithelial tissue
Levels of structure (Part 3)
 Organs


Several tissues working together to perform a
function
Example: Stomach (muscle tissue, epithelial tissue,
nerve tissue)
Levels of structure (Part 4)
 Systems


Groups of organs working together
11 major systems in the body
Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System
 Transports
blood throughout the body
and regulates body temperature
 Composed of:



Heart
Blood
Blood vessels
 arteries,
 veins,
 capillaries
Lymphatic System
 Helps
to fight disease
aides in immunity and
returns fluid to the
circulatory system
 Composed of:
Spleen, thymus
 lymph vessels
 Lymph nodes
 Lymph, clear fluid
containing lymphocytes
(WBC)

Digestive System
 Brings
food into the body
and breaks it down so it can
be used by the body then
eliminates the waste
 Composed of:






Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestines
Liver
Other Accessory Organs
Endocrine System
 Controls
glands
and organs by
hormones to
regulate growth,
development,
metabolism and
reproduction
 Composed of:





Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Adrenals
Ovaries and testes
Various Hormones
Reproductive Systems (2)
 Male
and female systems that are designed to
produce reproductive cells
 Composed of:

Male:
 Organs:
Testis, vas deferens, prostate, penis
 Hormones: Testosterone
 Cells: Sperm

Female:
 Organs:
Ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina
 Hormones: Estrogen, Progesterone
 Cells: Ova
Pictures on next slide
Muscular System
 Works
with skeletal system
to produce movement and
helps with digestion by
moving food
 Composed of:



Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal System
 Supports
body, protects the organs,
is the site for blood formation and
works with the muscular system to
produce movement.
 Composed of:




Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments (bone to bone)
Tendons (bone to muscle)
Nervous System
 Coordinates
the body’s response by carrying
electrical messages to and from the brain and
spinal cord.
 Composed of:



Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
 Spinal

nerves
Carry messages to/from spinal cord
 Cranial

nerves
Carry messages to/from the brain
Respiratory System
 Controls
breathing and
transports oxygen and
carbon dioxide in and
out of the body
 Composed of:
 Lungs
 Bronchioles
 Trachea
 Larynx
(voice box)
 Nose/mouth
Excretory (Urinary) System



Elimination of waste
products from the
body
Urea (nitrogenous
waste) is removed
from the cells and
urine is formed and
eliminated.
Composed of:





Skin/Lungs
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Integumentary System
 Receive
messages from the environment and
send them to the brain to help regulate body
temperature and protect against infection and
injury.
 Composed of:





Eyes (sensory organ)
Ears (sensory organ)
Fingers/nails (sensory organ)
Hair
Skin (sweat and oil glands)
Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 1
 Bronchial

tubes
Respiratory
 Cerebrum

Nervous
 Coccyx

Skeletal
 Colon

(tailbone)
(large intestine)
Digestive
Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 2
 Esophagus

(food tube)
Digestive
 Kidneys

Excretory
 Larynx

(voice box)
Respiratory
 Lungs

Respiratory
Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 3
 Ovaries


Female Reproductive
Endocrine
 Pharynx


Digestive
Respiratory
 Pituitary

(throat)
gland
Endocrine
Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 4
 Prostate

Male Reproductive
 Spinal

cord
Nervous
 Trachea

Gland
(windpipe)
Respiratory
Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 5
 Ureters

Excretory
 Uterus

Female reproductive
 Vertebra

Skeletal
(backbone)
Assignment
 Body
System 1 Worksheet
 Body System 2 Worksheet
Body Cavities (Part 1)
 Cranial


Cavity
Head, surrounded by
the skull
Contains brain,
pituitary gland
Body Cavities (Part 2)
 Thoracic


Cavity
Chest cavity,
surrounded by the
breastbone and ribs
Contains lungs, heart
Thoracic Cavity
 Pleura

Double
membrane that
surrounds the
lungs
 Pleural

Space between
the pleura
 Pleural

cavity
effusion
Collection of fluid
in the pleural
cavity
Thoracic Cavity
 Mediastinum


Area between the lungs
Contains: heart, esophagus, trachea and
bronchial tubes
Body Cavities (Part 3)
 Abdominal


Cavity
Area below the thoracic
cavity, below the
diaphragm (muscle)
Contains stomach, liver,
gallbladder, intestines
Abdominal cavity
 Diaphragm


Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and the
abdominal cavity
Creates a negative pressure so the lungs will inflate
Abdominal cavity
 Peritoneum

Double membrane that covers organs and
attaches them to the muscles
 Ascites

Collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
*Mesentery supports the intestines
Abdominal cavity
Body Cavities (Part 4)
 Pelvic


Cavity
Below the abdominal
cavity, surrounded by
the pelvis
Contains bladder,
ureters, urethra,
rectum, anus and
uterus (in females)
Body Cavities (Part 5)
 Spinal


Column
Surrounds the spine
Contains the spinal
cord
Assignment
 Body


Cavities
Cut out and paste diagram of body cavities into
notebook
Label cavities
 Page

Do all work in your notebooks – Put
today’s date, and what you are
working on at the top of the page.
53
Write out the 10 meanings, matching them up
with the correct term.
Divisions of the Back
 Cervical


Neck
7 bones (C1-C7)
 Thoracic



region
Chest
12 bones (T1T12)
 Lumbar

region
 Sacral


Lower Back
5 fused bones
(S1-S5)
 Coccygeal
region

region
Waist
5 bones (L1-L5)
region

Tailbone
(Coccyx)
4 fused bones
Spinal Column
 Vertebra


(Plural)Vertebrae
Bones from the neck
to the tailbone that
make up the spinal
column
 Disk/disc

Flexible connective
tissue (cartilage)
found between each
vertebra
Planes of the body

Frontal (Coronal) Plane



Vertical plane
Separates front to back
Anterior


Posterior


back
Sagittal (Lateral) Plane



Vertical plane
Separates right to left
Midsagittal plane


front
equal right and left halves
Transverse (Axial) Plane


Horizontal plane
Cross section – upper and lower sections
Planes of the Body
Midsagittal
(Sagittal)
Frontal
Transverse
Assignment
 Divisions



of the back
Cut out and paste diagram of the back into
notebook
Label divisions
 Planes

Do all work in your notebooks – Put
today’s date, and what you are
working on at the top of the page.
of the body
Cut out and paste diagram of planes of the
body into notebook
Label planes
X-ray
 Radiograph
Left: Coronal (frontal) view spear
fishing accident. Top: Sagital
(lateral) view of a nail in head.
CT
 Computed
Tomography scan
 Cross-sectional x-ray
Hemorrhage